ArticlemBio2018
The Multifaceted Antibacterial Mechanisms of the Pioneering Peptide Antibiotics Tyrocidine and Gramicidin S.
Article in mBio, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery of leucine analogues of tyrocidines and tryptocidines fromSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2027Article
- Probing theRSC chemical biology · 2026Article
- In silico identification of selective cyclodecapeptide inhibitors targeting Plasmodium falciparum Grp78 chaperone.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
- Systems-level genomic and functional characterization of lipopeptide biosurfactant pathways in Bacillus albus MITWPUB5.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- A platinum butterfly effect: small changes turn an anticancer drug into a non-toxic metalloantibiotic with in vivo efficacy.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- How Bioactive Glass S53P4 Kills Bacteria.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- From Membrane Composition to Antimicrobial Strategies: Experimental and Computational Approaches to AMP Design and Selectivity.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- The Potential of Non-Ribosomal Peptide Engineering for Creating New Antimicrobial Complexes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Liposomal Encapsulation Reduces the Cytotoxic Effects of Gramicidin S in Monolayer and Spheroid Fibroblast Cultures.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Potential Molecular Targets of the Broad-Range Antimicrobial Peptide Tyrothricin in the Apicomplexan ParasiteBiomedicines · 2026Article
- Contribution of theMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The last resort antibiotic daptomycin exhibits two independent antibacterial mechanisms of action.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Exploring the Substrate Flexibility of GrsB Thioesterase Leads to the Structural Reassignment of a Gramicidin S Variant.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025Article
- Rigidity vs Activity: Design of Gramicidin S Analogs against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Based on Molecular Engineering.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Broad-Spectrum Gramicidin S Derivatives with Potent Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Natural and Designed Cyclic Peptides as Potential Antiviral Drugs to Combat Future Coronavirus Outbreaks.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial peptides: a promising frontier to combat antibiotic resistant pathogens.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Macrocyclizing-thioesterases in bacterial non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis.Journal of natural medicines · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial Peptides: A Promising Solution to the Rising Threat of Antibiotic Resistance.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- A Review of Antibacterial Candidates with New Modes of Action.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cyclic β-sheet decapeptides from the tyrocidine group and the homologous gramicidin S were the first commercially used antibiotics, yet it remains unclear exactly how they kill bacteria. We investigated their mode of action using a bacterial cytological profiling approach. Tyrocidines form defined ion-conducting pores, induce lipid phase separation, and strongly reduce membrane fluidity, resulting in delocalization of a broad range of peripheral and integral membrane proteins. Interestingly, they also cause DNA damage and interfere with DNA-binding proteins. Despite sharing 50% sequence identity with tyrocidines, gramicidin S causes only mild lipid demixing with minor effects on membrane fluidity and permeability. Gramicidin S delocalizes peripheral membrane proteins involved in cell division and cell envelope synthesis but does not affect integral membrane proteins or DNA. Our results shed a new light on the multifaceted antibacterial mechanisms of these antibiotics and explain why resistance to them is virtually nonexistent.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.