Trial reportBritish journal of sports medicine2019
Oestrogen replacement improves bone mineral density in oligo-amenorrhoeic athletes: a randomised clinical trial.
Trial report in British journal of sports medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 51 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Fat Mediated Modulation of Reproductive and Endocrine Function in Young Athletes
Menstrual Cycle, Amenorrhea and Contraception in Elite Female Athletes: Impact on Performance, Health and the Athlete's Biological Passport
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological interventions to improve bone density in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- 2025 Update to the Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement Part 2: Clinical Guidelines for Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Return to Play for Adolescents and Adults.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Guideline
- Effect of oral and transdermal oestrogen therapy on bone mineral density in functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2021Pooled it
- The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and National Eating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC) position statement on disordered eating in high performance sport.British journal of sports medicine · 2020Guideline
- Trial
- Bone mineral density in response to increased energy intake in exercising women with oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea: the REFUEL randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Effect of Transdermal Estradiol and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 on Bone Endpoints of Young Women With Anorexia Nervosa.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Effects of Estrogen Replacement on Bone Geometry and Microarchitecture in Adolescent and Young Adult Oligoamenorrheic Athletes: A Randomized Trial.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2020Trial
- Are the Effects of Oral and Vaginal Contraceptives on Bone Formation in Young Women Mediated via the Growth Hormone-IGF-I Axis?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Trial
- Impact of estroprogestin therapies on bone health from adolescence to postmenopause.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Review
- Physiological Basis of Sex Differences in Human Performance and Exercise-Associated Pathology.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Review
- Updates in Cystic Fibrosis Bone Disease in Adults.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2026Review
- Menstrual status and bone health in athletes from different sports - a retrospective analysis.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Pharmacological vs. Non-Pharmacological Treatment in the Management of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Local estradiol deposition in a rat rotator cuff repair model: proof of concept.JSES international · 2025Article
- Study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked mechanistic clinical trial of transdermal estrogen replacement in hypoestrogenic eating disorders to explore the role of estrogen on cognitive flexibility and reward processing.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Multidisciplinary Education and Treatment Protocol for the Female Athlete Triad (1996-2022).Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring different interventions for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): A systematic review.JSAMS plus · 2025Review
- Effect of eccentric-based resistance exercise on bone (re)modelling markers across the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive cycle.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Observational
- Hormonal Contraception and Bone Metabolism: Emerging Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies on Post-Pubertal and Reproductive-Age Women.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveNormal-weight oligo-amenorrhoeic athletes (OAA) are at risk for low bone mineral density (BMD). Data are lacking regarding the impact of oestrogen administration on bone outcomes in OAA. Our objective was to determine the effects of transdermal versus oral oestrogen administration on bone in OAA engaged in weight-bearing activity.
methods121 patients with OAA aged 14-25 years were randomised to receive: (1) a 17β-estradiol transdermal patch continuously with cyclic oral micronised progesterone (PATCH), (2) a combined ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel pill (PILL) or (3) no oestrogen/progesterone (NONE). All participants received calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Areal BMD was assessed at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip and total body less head using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and completers analyses were performed.
resultsRandomised groups did not differ for age, body mass index or BMD Z-scores at baseline. For ITT analysis, spine and femoral neck BMD Z-scores significantly increased in the PATCH versus PILL (p=0.011 and p=0.021, respectively) and NONE (p=0.021 and p=0.033, respectively) groups, and hip BMD Z-scores significantly increased in the PATCH versus PILL group (p=0.018). Similar findings were noted in completers analysis.
conclusionTransdermal estradiol over 12 months improves BMD in young OAA, particularly compared with an ethinyl estradiol-containing contraceptive pill/oral contraceptives. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00946192; Pre-results.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.