ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Brain Metastases.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Radiotherapy and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition for Solid Cancers (ROCKIT): A Meta-Analysis of 13 Studies.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2021Pooled it
- Prehabilitation exercise therapy for cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer medicine · 2021Pooled it
- A Comparison Between Chemo-Radiotherapy Combined With Immunotherapy and Chemo-Radiotherapy Alone for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Gamma knife radiosurgery for cerebellar brain metastases: clinical outcomes and artificial intelligence-based predictive modeling.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Article
- Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with brain metastases: current principles, expanding indications and opportunities for multidisciplinary care.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- The Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Melanoma Brain Metastases: An Overview.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Combination of immunotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy on prognosis of patients with multiple brain metastases: A retrospective cohort study.Open life sciences · 2025Article
- Radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases with and without concomitant immunotherapy: comparison of patient outcome and neurotoxicity.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Review of Novel Surgical, Radiation, and Systemic Therapies and Clinical Trials in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of surgical resection for brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Targeting of endothelial cells in brain tumours.Clinical and translational medicine · 2023Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibition and single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery in brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: an international multicenter study of 395 patients.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery as neoadjuvant therapy for resectable brain tumors.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Review
- Optimizing the synergy between stereotactic radiosurgery and immunotherapy for brain metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- A Review of the Role of Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Immunotherapy in the Management of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Preoperative Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Glioblastoma.Biology · 2022Review
- Preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of brain metastases and gliomas.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Review
- The Cognitive Effects of Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastases traditionally carried a poor prognosis with an overall survival of weeks to months in the absence of treatment. Radiation therapy modalities include whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). WBRT delivers a relatively low dose of radiation, has neurocognitive sequelae, and has not been investigated for its immunostimulatory effects. Furthermore, WBRT exposes the entire intracranial tumor immune microenvironment to radiation. SRS delivers a high dose of conformal radiation with image guidance to minimize dose to surrounding normal brain tissue, and appears to promote anti-tumor immunity. In parallel with many of these discoveries, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated a survival advantage in multiple malignancies commonly associated with brain metastases (e.g., melanoma). Combination SRS and ICI are theorized to be synergistic in anti-tumor immunity directed to brain metastases. The purpose of this review is to explore the synergy of SRS and ICIs, including pre-clinical data, existing clinical data, and ongoing prospective trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.