ReviewBrain research2019
Dopamine signals related to appetitive and aversive events in paradigms that manipulate reward and avoidability.
Review in Brain research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- DRD1 and DRD2 dopamine-sensitive neurons in the central amygdala respond differently to rewarding and aversive stimuli.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Complementary influences of noradrenaline and dopamine in orchestrating a motivated social behavior.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2026Review
- Retinoic acid alleviates manganese-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells via the Trim28/α-synuclein/H4K91ac epigenetic axis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and amygdala underlies avoidance learning during adolescence: Implications for developmental psychopathology.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Beta and High Gamma Oscillations in the Cortico-striatal Network Reflect Reward Certainty on a Probabilistic Reversal Learning Task.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Feels good, and less bad: Problematic use of the Internet is associated with heightened experiences of both gratification and compensation.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Article
- Reward processes in extinction learning and applications to exposure therapy.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2024Review
- A multi-sample evaluation of the measurement structure and function of the modified monetary incentive delay task in adolescents.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- Dopamine release at the time of a predicted aversive outcome causally controls the trajectory and expression of conditioned behavior.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Anger, agency, risk and action: a neurobehavioral model with proof-of-concept in healthy young adults.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Mechanical Stimulation Alters Chronic Ethanol-Induced Changes to VTA GABA Neurons, NAc DA Release and Measures of Withdrawal.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Habit Formation and the Effect of Repeated Stress Exposures on Cognitive Flexibility Learning in Horses.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Distinct cell populations of ventral tegmental area process motivated behavior.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2022Review
- Freezing revisited: coordinated autonomic and central optimization of threat coping.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2022Review
- Altered Pain Processing Associated with Administration of Dopamine Agonist and Antagonist in Healthy Volunteers.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Aversive motivation and cognitive control.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
- Neural signals implicated in the processing of appetitive and aversive events in social and non-social contexts.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2022Review
- Can we tackle climate change by behavioral hacking of the dopaminergic system?Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Review
- Noradrenergic correlates of chronic cocaine craving: neuromelanin and functional brain imaging.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Using environmental cues to acquire good and avoid harmful things is critical for survival. Rewarding and aversive outcomes both drive behavior through reinforcement learning and sometimes occur together in the environment, but it remains unclear how these signals are encoded within the brain and if signals for positive and negative reinforcement are encoded similarly. Recent studies demonstrate that the dopaminergic system and interconnected brain regions process both positive and negative reinforcement necessary for approach and avoidance behaviors, respectively. Here, we review these data with a special focus on behavioral paradigms that manipulate both expected reward and the avoidability of aversive events to reveal neural correlates related to value, prediction error encoding, motivation, and salience.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.