ArticleEndocrine connections2018
Behavioural phenotyping, learning and memory in young and aged growth hormone-releasing hormone-knockout mice
Article in Endocrine connections, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mesenchymal Stem cell therapy with GHRH receptor analog resolves post-stroke vasogenic edema via modulating AQP4 and mitochondria-ER crosstalk.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Actions in the Brain and Neuropsychiatric Diseases.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone deficiency in mice beyond growth.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- GHRH and its analogues in central nervous system diseases.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Cognitive performance during senescence in untreated congenital isolated GH deficiency.Endocrine connections · 2024Article
- Article
- L-Serine Influences Epigenetic Modifications to Improve Cognition and Behaviors in Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Knockout Mice.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor signaling in experimental ocular inflammation and neuroprotection.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor antagonist MIA-602 in mice with emotional disorders: a potential treatment for PTSD.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- Growth Hormone and Aging: New Findings.The world journal of men's health · 2021Review
- miR-204 silencing reduces mitochondrial autophagy and ROS production in a murine AD model via the TRPML1-activated STAT3 pathway.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2021Article
- Article
- Mouse models of growth hormone deficiency.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2021Review
- Effects of somatotropic axis on cognitive dysfunction of obstructive sleep apnea.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2020Article
- Antinflammatory, antioxidant, and behavioral effects induced by administration of growth hormone-releasing hormone analogs in mice.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) plays an important role in brain functions. The aim of this study was to examine cognitive functions and emotional behaviour in a mouse model of isolated GH deficiency due to bi-allelic ablation of the GHRH gene (GHRH knockout, GHRHKO). Methods: Learning, memory and emotional behaviour were evaluated using a series of validated tests (Morris water maze, eight-arm radial maze, open field, elevated plus maze test, forced swim tests) in 2-, 5- and 12-month-old male mice either homozygous (−/−) or heterozygous (+/−) for the GHRHKO allele. Results: Compared with age-matched +/− mice, −/− mice showed decreased cognitive performance in Morris water maze and eight-arm radial maze tests. By comparing the effects of aging in each genotype, we observed an age-related impairment in test results in +/− mice, while in −/− mice a significant decline in cognitive function was found only in 12 months compared with 2-month-old mice, but no difference was found between 5 months old vs 2 months old. −/− mice showed increased exploration activity compared to age-matched +/− controls, while both strains of mice had an age-related decrease in exploration activity. When evaluated through open field, elevated plus maze and forced swim tests, −/− mice demonstrated a decrease in anxiety and depression-related behaviour compared to age-matched +/− controls. Conclusions: Our results suggest that homozygous ablation of GHRH gene is associated with decreased performance in learning and memory tests, possibly linked to increased spontaneous locomotor activity. In addition, we observed an age-related decline in cognitive functions in both genotypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.