Trial reportPloS one2018
The long-term use of foot orthoses affects walking kinematics and kinetics of children with flexible flat feet: A randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of foot orthoses on radiological parameters and pain in children with flexible flat feet: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Long-term clinical and radiological outcomes following surgical treatment for symptomatic pediatric flexible flat feet: a systematic review.Acta orthopaedica · 2022Pooled it
- Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Treatment of pediatric flatfoot: a systematic review-based consensus and guidelines by CPAM-LRC.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Finite Element-Based Biomechanical Evaluation of Patient-Specific Insoles for a Pediatric Patient with Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Using the Taguchi Method.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Influence of Prefabricated Foot Orthosis Use on the Modification of Foot Posture in Adults with Pronated Feet: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Four-Year Treatment Effect of Custom-Made Foot Orthosis on Pediatric Symptomatic Accessory Navicular Bone Combined with Flexible Flatfoot.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Dynamic Gait Analysis in Paediatric Flatfeet: Unveiling Biomechanical Insights for Diagnosis and Treatment.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Flatfoot Deformity; Exercise to Therapeutic Interventions: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- Efficacy of Personalized Foot Orthoses in Children with Flexible Flat Foot: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Efficacy of Plantar Orthoses in Paediatric Flexible Flatfoot: A Five-Year Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effect of Different Foot Orthosis Inverted Angles on Walking Kinematics in Females with Flexible Flatfeet.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Article
- The Effect of Customized and Silicon Insoles on Mid- and Hindfoot in Adult Flexible Pes Planovalgus.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2022Article
- Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet.Biomedical engineering online · 2021Article
- Biomechanical effects of foot orthoses in children with flexible flat foot; a systematic review.Journal of rehabilitation and assistive technologies engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDue to inconclusive evidence on the effects of foot orthoses treatment on lower limb kinematics and kinetics in children, studies are needed that particularly evaluate the long-term use of foot orthoses on lower limb alignment during walking. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment with arch support foot orthoses versus a sham condition on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during walking in children with flexible flat feet.
methodsThirty boys aged 8-12 years with flexible flat feet participated in this study. While the experimental group (n = 15) used medial arch support foot orthoses during everyday activities over a period of four months, the control group (n = 15) received flat 2-mm-thick insoles (i.e., sham condition) for the same time period. Before and after the intervention period, walking kinematics and ground reaction forces were collected.
resultsSignificant group by time interactions were observed during walking at preferred gait speed for maximum ankle eversion, maximum ankle internal rotation angle, minimum knee abduction angle, maximum knee abduction angle, maximum knee external rotation angle, maximum knee internal rotation angle, maximum hip extension angle, and maximum hip external rotation angle in favor of the foot orthoses group. In addition, statistically significant group by time interactions were detected for maximum posterior, and vertical ground reaction forces in favor of the foot orthoses group.
conclusionsThe long-term use of arch support foot orthoses proved to be feasible and effective in boys with flexible flat feet to improve lower limb alignment during walking.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.