SynthesisEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2019
Maternal Thyroid Function During Pregnancy or Neonatal Thyroid Function and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obstetric and offspring outcomes in isolated maternal hypothyroxinaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal thyroid function in multiple pregnancies - a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal thyroid function in the first half of pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in early adolescence in the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) cohort.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Effect of maternal isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first trimester on offspring neurodevelopment: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Cognitive Function, and Quality of Life in Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism in a Portuguese PopulationJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2025Article
- Maternal thyroid dysfunction and stress during pregnancy on ADHD risk in preschoolers: a retrospective study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Importance of iodide sufficiency and normal thyroid function in fertility and during gestation.Thyroid research · 2025Review
- Persistent pollutants and the developing brain: the role of PFAS in neurodevelopmental disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Maternal diabetes and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring in a multinational cohort of 3.6 million mother-child pairs.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Maternal plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids in early pregnancy and thyroid function throughout pregnancy: a longitudinal study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Early childhood exposure to environmental phenols and parabens, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, and trace elements in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the CHARGE study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- Serum levels of glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, and free thyroxine in boys diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional pilot study.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Interrelationships among growth hormone, thyroid function, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the susceptibility to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
- Iodine Deficiency, Maternal Hypothyroxinemia and Endocrine Disrupters Affecting Fetal Brain Development: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Gestational thyroid hormone concentrations and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2023Article
- Association of COVID-19 vaccination before conception with maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy: A single-center study in China.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Association between CLOCK gene polymorphisms and ADHD in Mexican teenagers: A comprehensive assessment.Psychiatry research · 2022Article
- TPO antibody in euthyroid pregnant women and cognitive ability in the offspring: a focused review.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Review
- Pregnancy exposure to organophosphate esters and the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian mother, father and child cohort study.Environment international · 2021Article
- Gestational Phthalate Exposure and Preschool Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Norway.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in children, yet its etiology is poorly understood. Early thyroid hormone disruption may contribute to the development of ADHD. Disrupted maternal thyroid hormone function has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. Among newborns, early-treated congenital hypothyroidism has been consistently associated with later cognitive deficits.
methodsWe systematically reviewed literature on the association between maternal or neonatal thyroid hormones and ADHD diagnosis or symptoms. We searched Embase, Pubmed, Cinahl, PsycInfo, ERIC, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published or available ahead of print as of April 2018.
resultsWe identified 28 eligible articles: 16 studies of maternal thyroid hormones, seven studies of early-treated congenital hypothyroidism, and five studies of neonatal thyroid hormones. The studies provide moderate evidence for an association between maternal thyroid hormone levels and offspring ADHD, some evidence for an association between early-treated congenital hypothyroidism and ADHD, and little evidence for an association between neonatal thyroid hormone levels and later ADHD.
conclusionsThe reviewed articles suggest an association between maternal thyroid function and ADHD, and possibly between early-treated congenital hypothyroidism and ADHD. Study limitations, however, weaken the conclusions in our systematic review, underlining the need for more research. Importantly, there was much variation in the measurement of thyroid hormone function and of ADHD symptoms. Recommendations for future research include using population-based designs, attending to measurement issues for thyroid hormones and ADHD, considering biologically relevant covariates (e.g., iodine intake), and assessing nonlinear dose-responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.