Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30298207›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of nutrition2019

Choline and choline-related nutrients in regular and preterm infant growth.

Wolfgang Bernhard, Christian F Poets, Axel R Franz

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The use of choline supplementation in premature newborns: a systematic review.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Wolfgang BernhardDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Calwer Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. wolfgang.bernhard@med.uni-tuebingen.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-223X
Christian F PoetsDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Calwer Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
Axel R FranzDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Calwer Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
University Children's Hospital Tübingen · DE

Funding

Zentrum Ernährungsmedizin of the Medical Faculty of the University of Tuebingen and University of Hohenheim. Project no. E.1100008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCholine is an essential nutrient, with increased requirements during development. It forms the headgroup of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in all membranes and many secretions. Phosphatidylcholine is linked to cell signaling as a phosphocholine donor to synthesize sphingomyelin from ceramide, a trigger of apoptosis, and is the major carrier of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid in plasma. Acetylcholine is important for neurodevelopment and the placental storage form for fetal choline supply. Betaine, a choline metabolite, functions as osmolyte and methyl donor. Their concentrations are all tightly regulated in tissues. CLINCAL IMPACT: During the fetal growth spurt at 24-34-week postmenstrual age, plasma choline is higher than beyond 34 weeks, and threefold higher than in pregnant women [45 (36-60) µmol/L vs. 14 (10-17) µmol/L]. The rapid decrease in plasma choline after premature birth suggests an untimely reduction in choline supply, as cellular uptake is proportional to plasma concentration. Supply via breast milk, with phosphocholine and α-glycerophosphocholine as its major choline components, does not prevent such postnatal decrease. Moreover, high amounts of liver PC are secreted via bile, causing rapid hepatic choline turnover via the enterohepatic cycle, and deficiency in case of pancreatic phospholipase A2 deficiency or intestinal resection. Choline deficiency causes hepatic damage and choline accretion at the expense of the lungs and other tissues.

conclusionCholine deficiency may contribute to the impaired lean body mass growth and pulmonary and neurocognitive development of preterm infants despite adequate macronutrient supply and weight gain. In this context, a reconsideration of current recommendations for choline supply to preterm infants is required.

Indexed as

BetaineChild DevelopmentCholineCholine DeficiencyFemaleHumansInfantInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureMilk, HumanPhosphatidylcholinesPregnancySphingomyelinsBetaineCholinePhosphatidylcholinesSphingomyelinsArachidonic acidBetaineCholineDocosahexaenoic acidEnteral nutritionEssential nutrientsFetal developmentGrowth spurtLean body massMembraneMethyl donorNutritionParenchymaParenteral nutritionPhosphatidylcholinePreterm infantSphingomyelin

Identifiers

PMID30298207
OpenAlexW2897317412

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.