ReviewEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2019
Fitness versus adiposity in cardiovascular disease risk.
Review in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of exercise interventions in hypoxic environment on cardiovascular function and maximal power output in obese or overweight individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Different Exercises Combined with Different Dietary Interventions on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Managing Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases in Women with Bulimia Nervosa or Binge Eating Disorders: A Randomized Trial with 12 Months Follow-Up.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index of Nigerian youth: A FitnessGram-based assessment.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Association between body roundness index and risk of osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Visceral adiposity index, fitness and clustered cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2024Article
- Exercise Combined with a Low-Calorie Diet Improves Body Composition, Attenuates Muscle Mass Loss, and Regulates Appetite in Adult Women with High Body Fat Percentage but Normal BMI.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Implications of pre-transplant sarcopenia and frailty in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver disease.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2022Review
- Obesity paradox and aging: Visceral Adiposity Index and all-cause mortality in older individuals: A prospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training for weight loss in adults with obesity: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2021Article
- Control of Adipose Cell Browning and Its Therapeutic Potential.Metabolites · 2020Review
- Association of Fitness and Fatness with Clustered Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Nigerian Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity and low cardiorespiratory fitness are both established predictors of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Whether the protective effects of fitness outweigh the deleterious effects of obesity, however, remains a topic of debate. To extend knowledge of the relative influence of fitness and fatness on cardiovascular disease outcomes, however, attention must be paid to measurement quality. Eliminating inherent bias of self-report and including the highest quality assessments of cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness simultaneously are imperative for head-to-head comparisons. Studies must move beyond body mass index and total body fat percentage to differentiate the heterogenous effects of various adipose tissue depots on cardiovascular risk. Imaging techniques that measure visceral adiposity and other risk-laden ectopic adipose depots while also quantifying cardioprotective adipose depots such as lower body subcutaneous fat and even non-adipose tissues such as skeletal muscle may further illuminate the influence of body composition on cardiovascular health. This review underscores key studies within a large body of literature that provide the foundation for the fit-vs.-fat debate in the context of cardiovascular disease risk, and identifies important considerations for future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.