ArticleBMJ open2018
Examining the risk of depression or self-harm associated with incretin-based therapies used to manage hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Suicidality: A Systematic Review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Association of GLP-1RA discontinuation and risk of depressive and anxiety disorders in people with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- Depression following the initiation of glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy: A multinational self-controlled case series study.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- GLP-1 at the Metabolic-Cognitive Interface: Reward, Affect, and Memory.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Association of GLP-1 receptor agonists with intentional self-harm in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Sentinel Distributed Database study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists as emerging therapeutics in bipolar disorder: a narrative review of preclinical and clinical evidence.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Applying High-Dimensional Propensity Scores in a Study of Inhaled Corticosteroids and COVID-19 Outcomes.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Risk of suicidal ideation and suicidality among adults prescribed semaglutide for weight management: A population-based cohort study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Genetically proxied glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor perturbation and risk of mood disorders: a Mendelian randomization study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and risks of suicide attempts or self-harm in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicountry self-control case series study.BMJ mental health · 2025Article
- Impact of antidiabetic medication type on a new episode of depression: a retrospective cohort study in Texas, USA.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Real-world evidence on the utilization, clinical and comparative effectiveness, and adverse effects of newer GLP-1RA-based weight-loss therapies.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025 · on this mapReview
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk for Depression in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes : A Target Trial Emulation Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2025Article
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of suicidality among patients with type 2 diabetes: active comparator, new user cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Review
- An analysis on the role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in cognitive and mental health disorders.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
- Neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Suicide and suicide attempt in users of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a nationwide case-time-control study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo compare population-based incidence rates of new-onset depression or self-harm in patients initiating incretin-based therapies with that of sulfonylureas (SU) and other glucose-lowering agents.
designPopulation-based cohort study.
settingPatients attending primary care practices registered with the UK-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).
participantsUsing the UK-based CPRD, we identified two incretin-based therapies cohorts: (1) dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i)-cohort, consisting of new users of DPP-4i and SU and (2) glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA)-cohort, consisting of new users of GLP-1RA and SU, between January 2007 and January 2016. Patients with a prior history of depression, self-harm and other serious psychiatric conditions were excluded.
main outcome measuresThe primary study outcome comprised a composite of new-onset depression or self-harm. Unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to quantify the association between incretin-based therapies and depression or self-harm. Deciles of High-Dimensional Propensity Scores and concurrent number of glucose-lowering agents were used to adjust for potential confounding.
resultsWe identified new users of 6206 DPP-4i and 22 128 SU in the DPP-4i-cohort, and 501 GLP-1RA and 16 409 SU new users in the GLP-1RA-cohort. The incidence of depression or self-harm was 8.2 vs 11.7 events/1000 person-years in the DPP-4i-cohort and 18.2 vs 13.6 events/1000 person-years in the GLP-1RA-cohort for incretin-based therapies versus SU, respectively. Incretin-based therapies were not associated with an increased or decreased incidence of depression or self-harm compared with SU (DPP-4i-cohort: unadjusted HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.96; adjusted HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.13; GLP-1RA-cohort: unadjusted HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.72 to 2.58; adjusted HR 1.25, 95% CI 0.63 to 2.50). Consistent results were observed for other glucose-lowering comparators including insulin and thiazolidinediones.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that the two incretin-based therapies are not associated with an increased or decreased risk of depression or self-harm.
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