ArticleNeuroImage2019
A neural mechanism of direct and observational conditioning for placebo and nocebo responses.
Article in NeuroImage, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Learning by observing: a systematic exploration of modulatory factors and the impact of observationally induced placebo and nocebo effects on treatment outcomes.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Placebo and nocebo effects on pain through the lens of the predictive brain: Neurobiological mechanisms and translational implications.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- The "Are You OK?" Paradox: A Scoping Review of Nocebo and Negative Suggestion in Healthcare Communication.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Article
- Modulation effects of imagery acupuncture and no-touch double-blinded placebo acupuncture, a cross-over pilot study.Brain behavior and immunity integrative · 2024Article
- Interpersonal physiological and psychological synchrony predict the social transmission of nocebo hyperalgesia between individuals.Communications psychology · 2024Article
- The Nocebo Effect.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2024Review
- Placebo and nocebo effects: from observation to harnessing and clinical application.Translational psychiatry · 2022Review
- A randomized pharmacological fMRI trial investigating D-cycloserine and brain plasticity mechanisms in learned pain responses.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- [Seeing others is believing-analgesic placebo effects through observational learning?]Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Review
- How expectations of pain elicited by consciously and unconsciously perceived cues unfold over time.NeuroImage · 2021Article
- How Negative Experience Influences the Brain: A Comprehensive Review of the Neurobiological Underpinnings of Nocebo Hyperalgesia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Between placebo and nocebo: Response to control treatment is mediated by amygdala activity and connectivity.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2020Article
- Mesocorticolimbic Pathways Encode Cue-Based Expectancy Effects on Pain.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2020Article
- Nocebo hyperalgesia can be induced by classical conditioning without involvement of expectancy.PloS one · 2020Article
- Identifying inter-individual differences in pain threshold using brain connectome: a test-retest reproducible study.NeuroImage · 2019Article
- The nocebo effect as a source of bias in the assessment of treatment effects.F1000Research · 2019Review
- Multivariate resting-state functional connectivity predicts responses to real and sham acupuncture treatment in chronic low back pain.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Classical theories suggest placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia are based on expectation and conditioned experience. Whereas the neural mechanism of how expectation modulates placebo and nocebo effects during pain anticipation have been extensively studied, little is known about how experience may change brain networks to produce placebo and nocebo responses. We investigated the neural pathways of direct and observational conditioning for conscious and nonconscious conditioned placebo/nocebo effects using magnetoencephalography and a face visual cue conditioning model. We found that both direct and observational conditioning produced conscious conditioned placebo and nocebo effects and a nonconscious conditioned nocebo effect. Alpha band brain connectivity changes before and after conditioning could predict the magnitude of conditioned placebo and nocebo effects. Particularly, the connectivity between the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and middle temporal gyrus was an important indicator for the manipulation of placebo and nocebo effects. Our study suggests that conditioning can mediate our pain experience by encoding experience and modulating brain networks.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.