ArticleJournal of forensic sciences2019
A Preliminary Investigation into the Accuracy of 3D Modeling and 3D Printing in Forensic Anthropology Evidence Reconstruction.
Article in Journal of forensic sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the reliability of saw mark features: A comparative study using stereomicroscopy, micro-XCT, and 3D printing.Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- From 3D Surface Documentation to Visualization in Forensic Practice: A Review of Current Methods and Emerging Technologies.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Review
- Comparative evaluation of additively manufactured PLA models as cost-effective, non-inferior alternatives to composite bones for pull-out testing.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
- 3D-printed models in the courtroom: mock-jurors' perceptions and experiences of 3D-printed models of human skeletal remains.Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law · 2026Article
- Forensic applications of 3D printing - a review of literature, case studies and future implications.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Review
- Patterns of observer error in scoring macromorphoscopic traits for population affinity.Journal of forensic sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluating juror understanding of traumatic head injury with different formats of evidence presentation in court: a follow up study.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Human identification: an investigation of 3D models of paranasal sinuses to establish a biological profile on a modern UK population.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Quality assurance of 3D-printed patient specific anatomical models: a systematic review.3D printing in medicine · 2024Article
- Additive manufacturing and three-dimensional printing in obstetrics and gynecology: a comprehensive review.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Review
- 3D printed skulls in court - a benefit to stakeholders?International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
- Misgendering a transgender woman using FORDISC 3.1: A case study.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2023Article
- Preclinical Dosimetry for Small Animal Radiation Research in Proton Therapy: A Feasibility Study.International journal of particle therapy · 2023Article
- The biomechanical behavior of 3D printed human femoral bones based on generic and patient-specific geometries.3D printing in medicine · 2022Article
- A survey of case studies on the use of forensic three-dimensional printing in England and Wales.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- Application of 3D printing in assessment and demonstration of stab injuries.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- A multi-method assessment of 3D printed micromorphological osteological features.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- Accurate and semi-automated reassociation of intermixed human skeletal remains recovered from bioarchaeological and forensic contexts.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- New technologies applied to canine limb prostheses: A review.Veterinary world · 2021Review
- A review of visualization techniques of post-mortem computed tomography data for forensic death investigations.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is currently no published empirical evidence-base demonstrating 3D printing to be an accurate and reliable tool in forensic anthropology, despite 3D printed replicas being exhibited as demonstrative evidence in court. In this study, human bones (n = 3) scanned using computed tomography were reconstructed as virtual 3D models (n = 6), and 3D printed using six commercially available printers, with osteometric data recorded at each stage. Virtual models and 3D prints were on average accurate to the source bones, with mean differences from -0.4 to 1.2 mm (-0.4% to 12.0%). Interobserver differences ranged from -5.1 to 0.7 mm (-5.3% to 0.7%). Reconstruction and modeling parameters influenced accuracy, and prints produced using selective laser sintering (SLS) were most consistently accurate. This preliminary investigation into virtual modeling and 3D printer capability provides a novel insight into the accuracy of 3D printing osteological samples and begins to establish an evidence-base for validating 3D printed bones as demonstrative evidence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.