ArticleAllergo journal international2018
Non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGS)-a currently undefined disorder without validated diagnostic criteria and of unknown prevalence: Position statement of the task force on food allergy of the German Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI).
Article in Allergo journal international, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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19 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- No Difference in Tolerance between Wheat and Spelt Bread in Patients with Suspected Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- The Diagnostic Elimination Diet and Challenge Protocol for Management of Patients with Food Intolerance-Purpose and Development.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Vitamin D in Gut and Systemic Immune Tolerance and in Infections' Risk: An International Evidence-Based Consensus Statement.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Clinical settings in which human leukocyte antigen typing is still useful in the diagnosis of celiac disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Prevalence and Clinical Symptoms of Wheat Allergy in Adults and Adolescents in Central Europe.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025Article
- Open-Label-Placebos can reduce pain, but not indigestion during gluten challenge in chronic pain patients.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Gluten and Wheat in Women's Health: Beyond the Gut.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Influence of Particle Size and Xylanase Pretreatment of Proso Millet Bran on Physical, Sensory and Nutritive Features of Gluten-Free Bread.Food technology and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Self-reported Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity in the Korean Population: Demographic and Clinical Characteristics.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2022Article
- Digestibility of wheat alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitors using a caricain digestive supplement.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: An Update.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
- Non-celiac wheat sensitivity: rationality and irrationality of a gluten-free diet in individuals affected with non-celiac disease: a review.BMC gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Wheat-induced food allergy in childhood: ancient grains seem no way out.European journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Gluten Detection Methods and Their Critical Role in Assuring Safe Diets for Celiac Patients.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Review
- Gluten Vehicle and Placebo for Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity Assessment.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Review
- Self-Reported Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity in Brazil: Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of Italian Questionnaire.Nutrients · 2019Article
- A Gluten-Free Diet, Not an Appropriate Choice without a Medical Diagnosis.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2019Review
- Wheat ATI CM3, CM16 and 0.28 Allergens Produced inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 15 institutions in 3 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Within the last decade, non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGS) has been increasingly discussed not only in the media but also among medical specialties. The existence and the possible triggers of NCGS are controversial. Three international expert meetings which proposed recommendations for NCGS were not independently organized and only partially transparent regarding potential conflicts of interest of the participants. The present position statement reflects the following aspects about NCGS from an allergist's and nutritionist's point of view: (A) Validated diagnostic criteria and/or reliable biomarkers are still required. Currently, this condition is frequently self-diagnosed, of unknown prevalence and non-validated etiology. (B) Gluten has not been reliably identified as an elicitor of NCGS because of high nocebo and placebo effects. Double-blind, placebo-controlled provocation tests are of limited value for the diagnosis of NCGS and should be performed in a modified manner (changed relation of placebo and active substance). (C) Several confounders hamper the assessment of subjective symptoms during gluten-reduced or gluten-free diets. Depending on the selection of food items, e.g., an increased vegetable intake with soluble fibers, diets may induce physiological digestive effects and can modify gastrointestinal transit times independent from the avoidance of gluten. (D) A gluten-free diet is mandatory in celiac disease based on scientific evidence. However, a medically unjustified avoidance of gluten may bear potential disadvantages and risks. (E) Due to a lack of diagnostic criteria, a thorough differential diagnostic work-up is recommended when NCGS is suspected. This includes a careful patient history together with a food-intake and symptom diary, if necessary an allergy diagnostic workup and a reliable exclusion of celiac disease. We recommend such a structured procedure since a medically proven diagnosis is required before considering the avoidance of gluten.
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