ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2018
Glycine-Histidine-Lysine (GHK) Alleviates Neuronal Apoptosis Due to Intracerebral Hemorrhage via the miR-339-5p/VEGFA Pathway.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Matrix-Derived Matrikines: Circulating Peptides as Candidate Mediators of Lung-to-Brain Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- METTL3 inhibits LINC00312 to suppress osteoporosis progression in a YTHDF2‑dependent manner.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring the Role of Tripeptides in Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Research Progress on Bioactive Factors against Skin Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Astrocytes in intracerebral hemorrhage: impact and therapeutic objectives.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Behavioral and neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease are attenuated in 5xFAD mice treated with intranasal GHK peptide.Aging pathobiology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- MicroRNA-339-5p inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced rat mesangial cells by regulating the Syk/Ras/c-Fos pathway.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022Article
- Study on the Mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pills in Treating Parkinson's Disease Based on Network Pharmacology.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- MicroRNA-181c provides neuroprotection in an intracerebral hemorrhage model.Neural regeneration research · 2020Article
- lncRNA NEAT1 Binds to MiR-339-5p to Increase HOXA1 and Alleviate Ischemic Brain Damage in Neonatal Mice.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2020Article
- Metal ion-responsive nanocarrier derived from phosphonated calix[4]arenes for delivering dauricine specifically to sites of brain injury in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2020Article
- Glycine-Histidine-Lysine (GHK) Alleviates Astrocytes Injury of Intracerebral Hemorrhage via the Akt/miR-146a-3p/AQP4 Pathway.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- Network Pharmacology-Based Prediction and Verification of the Targets and Mechanism for Panax Notoginseng Saponins against Coronary Heart Disease.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2019Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glycine-histidine-lysine (GHK) is a human tripeptide that enhances wound healing, exerts neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative disease, and improves tissue regeneration. This study examined whether GHK can alleviate injury due to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Briefly, adult Wistar rats in GHK pretreatment groups were injected with GHK (1 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) every 24 h for 3 days. Water content and intact neurons were detected in the rats 3 days after ICH, and the neurological deficit scores were examined in the rats at 4, 24, 72, and 168 h after ICH. Apoptosis was evaluated via caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, Nissl staining, and TUNEL assay. We also examined the effect of GHK on the expression of related proteins in SH-SY5Y cells via Western blotting. The expression of miR-339-5p was examined via real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. GHK improved neurological deficits, reduced water content in the brain and inhibited neuronal apoptosis in ICH rats. It also prevented the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells with hemin treatment. Furthermore, GHK downregulated miR-339-5p expression, and overexpression of miR-339-5p partially reversed the anti-apoptotic effects of GHK in SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings suggest that the p38 MAPK pathway is involved in the GHK-induced downregulation of miR-339-5p, and that the miR-339-5p/VEGFA axis plays a role in preventing neuronal apoptosis following ICH injury. These findings indicate that GHK may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for ICH.
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