ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2019
Quality not quantity: loneliness subtypes, psychological trauma, and mental health in the US adult population.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03429166 (Connecting Women to Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Connecting Women to Care: Home-based Psychotherapy for Women With MST Living in Rural Areas
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Measures of social connectedness in adult populations: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Loneliness Subtypes and Their Association With Prevalent and Incident Dementia.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Multidimensional Loneliness Among University Students: A Latent Profile Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Long COVID symptoms and loneliness: findings from the World Trade Center Health Registry.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Social well-being moderates behavioral therapy response for generalized anxiety disorder.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- Adult Friendship and Suicidality: A Scoping Review.Journal of social and personal relationships · 2025Article
- Evaluating the effects of a conditioning training paradigm on loneliness, socio-affective processing, and brain connectivity: a study protocol of a two-arm randomised controlled trial.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Outcomes Among Transition-Age Autistic Youth.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Loneliness is related to facial emotion perception in people with HIV.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Beneficial Childhood Experiences Mitigate the Negative Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Adults.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2025Article
- The Key Role of Personality Functioning in Understanding the Link Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Loneliness: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The Mediating Role of Satisfaction with Life and Social Interaction Anxiety in the Relationship Between Loneliness and Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Understanding the interplay between social isolation, age, and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Can dissociative amnesia be a residual symptom of prolonged complex post-traumatic stress disorder?Annals of general psychiatry · 2024Article
- Which Social Variables Predict Diabetes Onset? Robust Findings in Two National Surveys.The Gerontologist · 2024Article
- Understanding Trauma in IPV: Distinguishing Complex PTSD, PTSD, and BPD in Victims and Offenders.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Loneliness and Perceived Social Support in Endometriosis: The Roles of Body Image Disturbance and Anticipated Stigma.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Article
- Mental Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Aging Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Populations.The Permanente journal · 2024Article
- Bridging trauma and eating disorders: the role of loneliness.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- The enduring echoes of juvenile bullying: the role of self-esteem and loneliness in the relationship between bullying and social media addiction across generations X, Y, Z.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeLoneliness is a recognised public-health concern that is traditionally regarded as a unidimensional construct. Theories of loneliness predict the existence of subtypes of loneliness. In this study, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to test for the presence of loneliness subtypes and to examine their association with multiple mental health variables.
methodsA nationally representative sample of US adults (N = 1839) completed the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, along with self-report measures of childhood and adulthood trauma, psychological wellbeing, major depression, and generalized anxiety.
resultsWhen treated as a unidimensional construct, 17.1% of US adults aged 18-70 were classified as lonely. However, the LCA results identified four loneliness classes which varied quantitatively and qualitatively: 'low' (52.8%), 'social' (8.2%), 'emotional' (26.6%), and 'social and emotional' (12.4%) loneliness. The 'social and emotional' class were characterised by the highest levels of psychological distress, followed by the 'emotional' class. The 'social' loneliness class had similar mental health scores as the 'low' loneliness class. Childhood and adulthood trauma were independently related to the most distressed loneliness classes.
conclusionsCurrent findings provide support for the presence of subtypes of loneliness and show that they have unique associations with mental health status. Recognition of these subtypes of loneliness revealed that the number of US adults aged 18-70 experiencing loneliness was twice as high as what was estimated when loneliness was conceptualized as a unidimensional construct. The perceived quality, not the quantity, of interpersonal connections was associated with poor mental health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.