ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2019
Apgar score and risk of autism.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Joint associations between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants during pregnancy and low Apgar score in newborns: a birth cohort study in China.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Review
- Exposure to anesthesia during delivery and risk of autism spectrum disorder: A retrospective cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Autism Screening Using Parent's Observations of Social Interactions (POSI) in High-Risk Infants.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between prenatal exposure to antihypertensive medication and neurodevelopmental and educational outcomes in children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prenatal, Perinatal, and Postnatal Factors in a Cohort of Very Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight Toddlers with Suspected Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Harnessing the power of child development records to detect early neurodevelopmental disorders using Bayesian analysis.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis Perinatal Complications Among Women with ART-Induced Pregnancy and Natural Conception.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Association between combined use of epidural analgesia and oxytocin administration during labor and offspring outcomes: a narrative review and proposal.Nagoya journal of medical science · 2024Review
- The contribution of low Apgar scores in identifying neonates with short-term morbidities in a large single center cohort.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Association of cerebral palsy with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a large-scale nationwide population-based study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Prenatal, perinatal and parental risk factors for autism spectrum disorder in China: a case- control study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Association between 5-min Apgar score and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a Scotland-wide record linkage study of 758,423 school children.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Association between previous abortion history and risk of autism spectrum disorders among offspring: a meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2023Article
- Maternal thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity and its association with incidence of low birth weight in infants.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- A prospective cohort study of the association between the Apgar score and developmental status at 3 years of age: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).European journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- From Soranus score to Apgar score.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2021Article
- Five-Minute Apgar Score and the Risk of Mental Disorders During the First Four Decades of Life: A Nationwide Registry-Based Cohort Study in Denmark.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Factors affecting the Apgar score of offsprings born to mothers suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus.Medicine · 2020Observational
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12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Low Apgar score has been associated with higher risk for several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including cerebral palsy and intellectual disability. Studies of the association between Apgar score and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate (1) the association between low Apgar score at 5 min and risk for ASD, and (2) the modifying effects of gestational age and sex on this association in the largest multinational database of ASD. We included prospective data from 5.5 million individuals and over 33,000 cases of ASD from Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Western Australia who were born between 1984 and 2007. We calculated crude and adjusted risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the associations between low Apgar score and ASD. All analyses for ASD were repeated for autistic disorder (AD). We used interaction terms and stratified analysis to investigate the effects of sex, gestational age, and birth weight on the association. In fully adjusted models, low Apgar scores (1-3) (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.16-1.74), and intermediate Apgar scores (4-6) (RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.36-1.65) were associated with a higher RR of ASD than optimal Apgar score (7-10). The point estimates for low (RR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.41-2.51) and intermediate Apgar score (RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.32-1.81) were larger for AD than for ASD. This study suggests that low Apgar score is associated with higher risk of ASD, and in particular AD. We did not observe any major modifying effects of gestational age and sex, although there seems to be substantial confounding by gestational age and birth weight on the observed association.
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