SynthesisArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2018
Effect of intrauterine injection of human chorionic gonadotropin before fresh embryo transfer on IVF and ICSI outcomes: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Intrauterine human chorionic gonadotropin administration before embryo transfer (IHABT): an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Human reproduction update · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of intrauterine hCG perfusion efficacy in recurrent implantation failure as defined by ESHRE guidelines.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Molecular Crosstalk Between Intrauterine hCG and Endometrial Receptivity: Signalling Pathways, Immune Modulation, and Translational Perspectives in IVF.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Evaluating endometrial response to human chorionic gonadotropin: alterations in epigenetic regulation and extracellular vesicle cargo of endometrial stromal cells.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
- Good practice recommendations on add-ons in reproductive medicine†.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Approaches to Improve Endometrial Receptivity in Case of Repeated Implantation Failures.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- A Proteome Approach Reveals Differences between Fertile Women and Patients with Repeated Implantation Failure on Endometrial Level⁻Does hCG Render the Endometrium of RIF Patients?International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Mediated Immune Responses That Facilitate Embryo Implantation and Placentation.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of intrauterine injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) before fresh embryo transfer (ET) on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
methodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by searching electronic databases. The outcomes of live birth, clinical pregnancy, implantation, biochemical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, and miscarriage between groups with and without hCG injections were analyzed. Summary measures were reported as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals.
resultsSix RCTs on fresh embryo transfer (ET) were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 2759 women undergoing fresh ET were enrolled (hCG group n = 1429; control group n = 1330). Intrauterine injection of hCG significantly increased rates of biochemical pregnancy (RR 1.61) and ongoing pregnancy (RR 1.58) compared to controls. However, there were no significant differences in clinical pregnancy (RR 1.11), implantation (RR 1.17), miscarriage (RR 0.91), ectopic (RR 1.65) or live birth rates (RR 1.13) between the hCG group and control group.
conclusionThe current evidence for intrauterine injection of hCG before fresh ET does not support its use in an assisted reproduction cycle.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.