ReviewDie Naturwissenschaften2018
A salamander's toxic arsenal: review of skin poison diversity and function in true salamanders, genus Salamandra.
Review in Die Naturwissenschaften, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in the chemical defenses of an invasive toad indicate drivers and limitations of adaptation.iScience · 2026Article
- Axolotl-derived decellularized skin ECM as a pro-regenerative scaffold for attenuating fibrotic wound healing.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Citizen science data reveals widespread sexual dichromatism in the European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra).BMC ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Glandular quinoline-derivates protect crustacean woodlice from spider predation.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Top-down effects of fire salamander larvae (Salamandra salamandra) on benthic organisms differs between habitat types.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Environmental Drivers of Local Demography and Size Plasticity in Fire Salamanders (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Determining the pharmacological potential and biological role of linear pseudoscorpion toxins via functional profiling.iScience · 2024Article
- When aposematism is not enough: ExoticEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- Antiviral Action against SARS-CoV-2 of a Synthetic Peptide Based on a Novel Defensin Present in the Transcriptome of the Fire Salamander (Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View.Toxins · 2024Review
- Article
- Resistance Is Not Futile: Widespread Convergent Evolution of Resistance to Alpha-Neurotoxic Snake Venoms in Caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona).International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Peptide Salamandrin-I Modulates Components Involved in Pyroptosis and Induces Cell Death in Human Leukemia Cell Line HL-60.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Venomous Bites, Stings and Poisoning by European Vertebrates as an Overlooked and Emerging Medical Problem: Recognition, Clinical Aspects and Therapeutic Management.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Venomics of the milos viper (Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Venom biotechnology: casting light on nature's deadliest weapons using synthetic biology.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Ramosin: The First Antibacterial Peptide Identified onPharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Middle Jurassic fossils document an early stage in salamander evolution.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids.Natural products and bioprospecting · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Terrestrial salamanders of the genus Salamandra represent one of the most prominent groups of amphibians. They are mainly distributed across Europe but also reach Northern Africa and the Near East. Members of the six currently accepted species have long been known to be poisonous; however, work on their toxins was mostly published in German language, and therefore, many nuances of these studies have remained hidden from the majority of herpetologists and toxinologists. Several Salamandra species are called fire salamanders due to their highly contrasted, black-yellow colouration which probably serves to deter predators, although thorough evidence for aposematism in Salamandra is still lacking. Salamandra skin toxins do not only represent a potent antipredator defence but may also have antimicrobial effects. A better understanding of this dual function of Salamandra skin secretions is of utmost importance in the face of the emergence of a fungal disease causing catastrophic declines of fire salamanders in Central Europe, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans. In this review, we summarize the knowledge on Salamandra toxins, providing a list of the compounds so far isolated from their secretion and focusing on the bioactivity of the major compounds in Salamandra secretions, the steroidal alkaloids. We identify priorities for future research, including a screening of co-occurrence of steroidal alkaloids and tetrodotoxins in salamandrids, chemical characterization of already identified novel steroidal compounds, elucidation of the presence and role of peptides and proteins in the secretion, and experimental in vitro and in vivo study of the interactions between bioactive compounds in Salamandra skin secretions and cutaneous fungal and bacterial pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.