ReviewFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology2019
Role of phosphatidylcholine-DHA in preventing APOE4-associated Alzheimer's disease.
Review in FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipids as Early and Minimally Invasive Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Brain delivery of supplemental docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.EBioMedicine · 2020Trial
- MFSD2A in health and disease: lysolipid transport, barrier physiology, and translational boundaries.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Kinetic Lipidomics: QuantifyingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Marine Lipids and Alzheimer's Disease: Biochemistry, Bioaccessibility/Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Health Effects.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Application of Plasma Metabolomic Biomarker Panels in Early Diagnosis and Disease Staging of Alzheimer's Disease.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Review
- Herring roe PLs promote SPM biosynthesis in macrophages and a keratinocyte/fibroblast coculture as a model of psoriasis.Journal of lipid research · 2026Article
- APOE4 differentially alters lipid composition in extracellular vesicles from hiPSC-derived neurons of Alzheimer's disease patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Resolution of systemic inflammation in psoriasis following herring roe oil treatment: aFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Lysophosphatidylcholines are associated with amyloidosis in early stages of Alzheimer's disease.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Integrative brain omics approach highlights sn-1 lysophosphatidylethanolamine in Alzheimer's dementia.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective role of rice bran extract and its constituents in a neuroinflammatory mouse model.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Preliminary evaluation on the effect of oral omega-3 supplementation from herring caviar oil in primary open-angle glaucoma patients.International ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- How endothelial cell metabolism shapes blood-brain barrier integrity in neurodegeneration.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Omega-3 fatty acids: multi-target mechanisms and therapeutic applications in neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Flaxseed promotes productive performance through regulating gut microbiome in ducks.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Effects of APOE4 on omega-3 brain metabolism across the lifespan.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2024Review
- New Forms of Neuroactive Phospholipids for DHA Enrichment in Brain.Marine drugs · 2024Article
- Exploring cognitive impairments and the efficacy of phosphatidylcholine and computer-assisted cognitive training in post-acute COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dietary and supplemental intake of the ω-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduces risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ameliorates symptoms. The apolipoprotein E ( APOE) 4 allele is the strongest risk factor for sporadic AD, exclusive of age. APOE4 carriers respond well to the DHA present in fish but do not respond as well to dietary supplements. The mechanisms behind this varied response remain unknown. I posit that the difference is that fish contain DHA in phospholipid form, whereas fish oil supplements do not. This influences whether DHA is metabolized to nonesterified DHA (free DHA) or a phospholipid form called lysophosphatidylcholine DHA (DHA-lysoPC). Free DHA is transported across the outer membrane leaflet of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via passive diffusion, and DHA-lysoPC is transported across the inner membrane leaflet of the BBB via the major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2A. I propose that APOE4 carriers have impaired brain transport of free DHA but not of DHA-lysoPC, as a consequence of a breakdown in the outer membrane leaflet of the BBB, putting them at increased risk for AD. Dietary sources of DHA in phospholipid form may provide a means to increase plasma levels of DHA-lysoPC, thereby decreasing the risk of AD.-Patrick, R. P. Role of phosphatidylcholine-DHA in preventing APOE4-associated Alzheimer's disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.