ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2019
Healthy Post-Menarchal Adolescent Girls Demonstrate Multi-Level Reproductive Axis Immaturity.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pubertal timing and incident uterine cancer in the Sister Study cohort.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Inflammatory mechanisms of menstrual cycle changes following COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents.Vaccine · 2026Article
- Ovarian antral follicle dynamics from birth through reproductive maturity: a mini-review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Factors Associated with Severe Primary Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent Girls: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Caloric Restriction, the Menstrual Cycle, and Sleep in Women Without Obesity.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Classification system of human ovarian follicle morphology: recommendations of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development - sponsored ovarian nomenclature workshop.Fertility and sterility · 2025Article
- Sex Hormone Profiles and ACL Injury - It's Time for Study Designs to Match the Complexity of the Problem.Sports health · 2025Article
- Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in adolescent athletes impairs bone accrual and increases fracture risk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Prospective 1-year assessment of within-woman variability of follicular and luteal phase lengths in healthy women prescreened to have normal menstrual cycle and luteal phase lengths.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2024Observational
- Life stress influences the relationship between sex hormone fluctuation and affective symptoms in peripubertal female adolescents.Development and psychopathology · 2024Article
- Analyzing the atypical - Methods for studying the menstrual cycle in adolescents.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Review of the Function of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Children and Adolescents with Cancer.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Hormone-based models for comparing menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive effects on human resting-state functional connectivity.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2022Article
- Criteria for Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence: Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Launch of A Girl's First Period Study: Demystifying Reproductive Hormone Profiles in Adolescent Girls.Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology · 2022Article
- Methods for characterizing ovarian and adrenal hormone variability and mood relationships in peripubertal females.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Article
- Perimenstrual Asthma in Adolescents: A Shared Condition in Pediatric and Gynecological Endocrinology.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Factors Affecting Menstrual Cycle Developmental Trajectory in Adolescents: A Narrative Review.International journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Review
- Intertwined reproductive endocrinology: Puberty and polycystic ovary syndrome.Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research · 2020Article
- AMH is Higher Across the Menstrual Cycle in Early Postmenarchal Girls than in Ovulatory Women.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Context: Menstrual irregularity after menarche has been attributed to immature estrogen positive feedback activity (E+FB) but data are conflicting. Objective: To determine the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian contributions to menstrual irregularity in adolescents. Methods: Twenty-three healthy girls [aged 12.8 to 17.6 years; 0.4 to 3.5 years postmenarche; body mass index (BMI) percentile, 41.0 to 99.3] underwent serial hormone measurements and pelvic ultrasounds during two consecutive menstrual cycles. Hormones and follicle growth were compared with 65 adult historic controls with ovulatory cycles (OVs). Results: Girls had anovulatory cycles (ANOVs; 30%), OVs with a short luteal phase (short OVs; 22%), or OVs with normal luteal phase (normal OVs; 48%) without differences in cycle length, chronologic or gynecologic age, or BMI. Adolescents showed a spectrum of E+FB [midcycle LH adjusted for preovulatory estradiol (E2)]; only normal OV girls were comparable to adults. All OV girls had lower E2, progesterone, and gonadotropins during the luteal phase and luteal-follicular transition compared with adults. Normal OV girls also had lower follicular phase LH and FSH levels, a longer follicular phase, a slower dominant follicle growth rate, and smaller estimated preovulatory follicle size than adults. Follicular phase E2 and inhibin B levels were lower in normal OV girls than in adults even after adjusting for differences in FSH and follicle size. Conclusions: Early postmenarchal girls with normal OVs demonstrate mature E+FB but continue to have lower gonadotropin levels, diminished ovarian responsiveness, and decreased corpus luteum sex steroid synthesis compared with adults, indicating that reproductive axis maturity requires coordinated development of all components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.