ArticleOncoimmunology
A novel function of API5 (apoptosis inhibitor 5), TLR4-dependent activation of antigen presenting cells.
Article in Oncoimmunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Structurally Dynamic Pathogen-Mimicking Biomaterial Is an Efficient Activator of Dendritic Cells.ACS materials letters · 2026Article
- API5 Phosphorylation Promotes Antiviral Immunity by Inhibiting Degradation of Cytosolic RNA Sensor RLRs.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in diseases: implications for therapy.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Reduced T-Cell stemness underlies Th17 expansion and graft dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Correlating tissue and plasma‑specific piRNA changes to predict their possible role in pancreatic malignancy and chronic inflammation.Biomedical reports · 2024Article
- DAMP sensing and sterile inflammation: intracellular, intercellular and inter-organ pathways.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Apoptosis Inhibitor 5: A Multifaceted Regulator of Cell Fate.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Classifying Integrated Signature Molecules in Macrophages of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, and Periodontal Disease: An Omics-Based Study.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- DeSUMOylation of Apoptosis Inhibitor 5 bymBio · 2021Article
- Potent anti-myeloma efficacy of dendritic cell therapy in combination with pomalidomide and programmed death-ligand 1 blockade in a preclinical model of multiple myeloma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Article
- Interactions between tumor-derived proteins and Toll-like receptors.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2020Review
- Trial Watch: experimental TLR7/TLR8 agonists for oncological indications.Oncoimmunology · 2020Review
- Cellular immunotherapy in multiple myeloma.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2019Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines are recognized as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy against cancer. Various adjuvants are often incorporated to enhance the modest immunogenicity of DC vaccines. More specifically, many of the commonly used adjuvants are derived from bacteria. In the current study, we evaluate the use of apoptosis inhibitor 5 (API5), a damage-associated molecular pattern expressed by many human cancer cells, as a novel DC vaccine adjuvant. We showed that API5 can prompt activation and maturation of DCs and activate NFkB by stimulating the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that vaccination with API5-treated DCs pulsed with OVA, E7, or AH1-A5 peptides led to the generation of OVA, E7, or AH1-A5-specific CD8 + T cells and memory T cells, which is associated with long term tumor protection and antitumor effects in mice, against EG.7, TC-1, and CT26 tumors. Additionally, we determined that API5-mediated DC activation and immune stimulation are dependent on TLR4. Lastly, we showed that the API5 protein sequence fragment that is proximal to its leucine zipper motif is responsible for the adjuvant effects exerted by API5. Our data provide evidence that support the use of API5 as a promising adjuvant for DC-based therapies, which can be applied in combination with other cancer therapies. Most notably, our results further support the continued investigation of human-based adjuvants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.