Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30287970›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers2018

PCA in High Dimensions: An orientation.

Iain M Johnstone, Debashis Paul

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Improved liver fat andMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. James-Stein for the leading eigenvector.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  11. Optimally Weighted PCA for High-Dimensional Heteroscedastic Data.SIAM journal on mathematics of data science · 2023
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Biwhitening Reveals the Rank of a Count Matrix.SIAM journal on mathematics of data science · 2022
    Article
  14. How to reduce dimension with PCA and random projections?IEEE transactions on information theory · 2021
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Principal component analysis is limited to low-resolution analysis in cryoEM.Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology · 2021
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Continuous flexibility analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike prefusion structures.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2020
    Article
  20. Steerable ePCA: Rotationally Invariant Exponential Family PCA.IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society · 2020
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Iain M JohnstoneDepartment of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305.
Debashis PaulDepartment of Statistics, University of California, Davis.

Funding

New Statistical Methods for Medical Signals and ImagesR01EB001988 · NIBIB · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JOHNSTONE, IAIN M · 2003 to 2018
$6.1M
CRCNS: Multi-Scale Estimators for Diffusion MRI of the BrainR01EB021707 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI PENG, JIE · 2015 to 2017
$625k
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB001988NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB021707
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

When the data are high dimensional, widely used multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis can behave in unexpected ways. In settings where the dimension of the observations is comparable to the sample size, upward bias in sample eigenvalues and inconsistency of sample eigenvectors are among the most notable phenomena that appear. These phenomena, and the limiting behavior of the rescaled extreme sample eigenvalues, have recently been investigated in detail under the spiked covariance model. The behavior of the bulk of the sample eigenvalues under weak distributional assumptions on the observations has been described. These results have been exploited to develop new estimation and hypothesis testing methods for the population covariance matrix. Furthermore, partly in response to these phenomena, alternative classes of estimation procedures have been developed by exploiting sparsity of the eigenvectors or the covariance matrix. This paper gives an orientation to these areas.

Indexed as

Marchenko-Pastur distributionphase transition phenomenaprincipal component analysisrandom matrix theoryspiked covariance modelTracy-Widom law

Identifiers

PMID30287970
PMCPMC6167023

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.