ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2018
Response of Cellular Innate Immunity to Cnidarian Pore-Forming Toxins.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recombinant HALT-1 induces mitochondrial-associated apoptotic mechanism in HeLa cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Jellyfish Venom-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Immune Responses: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.Marine drugs · 2025Review
- Article
- A review on NLRP3 inflammasome modulation by animal venom proteins/peptides: mechanisms and therapeutic insights.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Cnidarian toxins: omics approaches and recombinant proteins.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Jellyfish Stings: A Review of Skin Symptoms, Pathophysiology, and Management.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Review
- Troxerutin suppress inflammation response and oxidative stress in jellyfish dermatitis by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Sea AnemoneMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A group of stable, water-soluble and membrane-bound proteins constitute the pore forming toxins (PFTs) in cnidarians. They interact with membranes to physically alter the membrane structure and permeability, resulting in the formation of pores. These lesions on the plasma membrane causes an imbalance of cellular ionic gradients, resulting in swelling of the cell and eventually its rupture. Of all cnidarian PFTs, actinoporins are by far the best studied subgroup with established knowledge of their molecular structure and their mode of pore-forming action. However, the current view of necrotic action by actinoporins may not be the only mechanism that induces cell death since there is increasing evidence showing that pore-forming toxins can induce either necrosis or apoptosis in a cell-type, receptor and dose-dependent manner. In this review, we focus on the response of the cellular immune system to the cnidarian pore-forming toxins and the signaling pathways that might be involved in these cellular responses. Since PFTs represent potential candidates for targeted toxin therapy for the treatment of numerous cancers, we also address the challenge to overcoming the immunogenicity of these toxins when used as therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.