ArticleBMJ open2018
Work-related mobility and experiences of gender-based violence among female sex workers in Iringa, Tanzania: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from Project Shikamana.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Associated Factors of Gender-Based Violence against Women in Sub-Saharan Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Gender Based Violence against Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Acceptability of multiple modalities of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female sex workers in Tanzania: a mixed-methods study.BMJ open · 2022Trial
- A qualitative exploration of perceived risks, motivations, and risk management strategies among brothel-based female sex workers in Ibadan, Nigeria.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with violence against women who exchange sex for money in Gulu City, Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Mobility paradoxes: disruptors, benefits, and agency among mobile female sex workers living with HIV in the Dominican Republic and Tanzania.BMC global and public health · 2024Article
- Violence Against Women Who Sell Sex in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Scoping Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2024Article
- "You know that we travel a lot": Mobility narratives among female sex workers living with HIV in Tanzania and the Dominican Republic.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Mobility and HIV vulnerabilities among female sex workers in Guinea-Bissau: findings from an integrated bio-behavioral survey.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Using social practice theory in measuring perceived stigma among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Gender-based violence and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia. Evidence from The National Bio-behavioral Survey, 2020.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Harmful Alcohol Use and Associated Socio-Structural Factors among Female Sex Workers Initiating HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Magnitude and Determinants of Syphilis and HIV Co-Infection Among Female Sex Workers in Ethiopia: Evidence from Respondent Driven Samples, 2019-2020.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Client-perpetrated gender-based violence among female sex workers in conflict-affected Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Article
- Integrating and Interpreting Findings from the Latest Treatment as Prevention Trials.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Assessing and Addressing Social Determinants of HIV among Female Sex Workers in the Dominican Republic and Tanzania through Community Empowerment-Based Responses.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Treatment as Prevention: Concepts and Challenges for Reducing HIV Incidence.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine how work-related mobility among female sex workers (FSWs) is associated with gender-based violence (GBV) in Iringa, Tanzania.
designCross-sectional analyses were conducted on baseline data gathered between October 2015 and April 2016 from FSWs participating in Project Shikamana, a community empowerment-based combination HIV prevention intervention.
settingParticipants were recruited for the baseline study using venue-based time-location sampling in two communities in Iringa, Tanzania.
participantsFSWs were eligible for participation if they were 18 years or older and had exchanged sex for money within the past month. Four-hundred ninety-six FSWs participated in the baseline survey. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Any recent experience of GBV was examined by recent work-related mobility among FSWs. Any recent experience of GBV was also disaggregated by severity for analyses. All bivariate and multivariate binary and multinomial logistic regressions adjusted for intraclass correlations among women recruited from the same venues.
resultsForty per cent of participants experienced recent physical or sexual violence, and 30% recently experienced severe physical or sexual violence. Thirty-three per cent of participants recently exchanged sex for money outside of their district or region, and 12% were both intraregionally and inter-regionally mobile for sex work. Intraregionally and inter-regionally mobile FSWs had 1.9 times greater odds of reporting recent GBV (adjusted OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.06 to 3.38; p=0.031) compared with non-mobile FSWs and a 2.5 times higher relative risk for recent experience of severe GBV relative to no recent GBV (relative risk ratio: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.33 to 4.74; p=0.005).
conclusionsMobility for sex work may increase FSWs' exposure to GBV, particularly more severe GBV. The vulnerability of mobile FSWs to violence, particularly severe forms, demands inclusive services that are accessible to mobile FSWs.
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