ArticlePreventive medicine2019
Breastfeeding initiation and duration and child health outcomes in the first baby study.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors in the First 1000 Days of Life Associated With Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Risk Factor Quality Assessment.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Early Childhood Obesity: Multifactorial Influences with a Prominent Familial ContributionJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Article
- Enhancing breastfeeding outcomes in postpartum women with insufficient breast milk supply: protocol for a six-month longitudinal randomized trial of self-administered acupressure.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Determinants of Breastfeeding Practices Pre- and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- From Mother to Baby: The Role of Human Milk Vitamins in Infant Body Development and Breast Milk Jaundice-An Observational Study.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Influences on Breastfeeding Duration: Maternal, Paternal, and Infant Contributors.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Socio-Cultural Correlates of Breastfeeding Behavior Among Latina Mothers and Its Implications for Child Health.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Vitamin D status and its determinants among Chinese infants and toddlers in Hong Kong.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- How can we support the individual breastfeeding experience? Quantitative results from a mixed-methods study.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Observational
- The Influence of Growth Milk Consumption on Nutritional Status, Illness Incidence, and Cognitive Function of Children Aged 2-5 Years.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding initiation and duration: links to physical, mental and behavioural health in US children aged 3-5 years.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025Article
- Associations between feeding patterns and clinical outcomes of Hirschsprung's disease after surgery: propensity score matching approach.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Are There Benefits to Breastfeeding for Long Durations That Continue after Breastfeeding Has Stopped? An Analysis of Acute Respiratory Illness in Nigerian Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Associations Between Breastfeeding, Maternal Emotional Availability, and Infant-Mother Attachment: The Role of Coparenting.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2024Article
- Review
- Impact of breastfeeding during infancy on functional constipation at 3 years of age: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Association of Infant Feeding Characteristics With Dietary Patterns and Obesity in Korean Childhood.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2023Article
- Maternal breastfeeding is associated with offspring microbiome diversity; a secondary analysis of the MicrobeMom randomized control trial.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Breastfeeding Experiences During the COVID-19 Lockdown in the United Kingdom: An Exploratory Study Into Maternal Opinions and Emotional States.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2021Article
- Degree of Agreement Between Infant Serum and Salivary Concentration of Leptin and Adiponectin and Its Association With Infants' Feeding.Biological research for nursing · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the known benefits of breastmilk, associations between breastfeeding and child overall health outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to understand associations between breastfeeding and health outcomes, including child weight, through age 3. Analysis included women (N = 3006) in the longitudinal, prospective First Baby Study from 2009 to 2014. For this analysis, breastfeeding initiation and duration were measured using self-reported data from the 1-, 6- and 12-month surveys; child illnesses were analyzed from the 6-, 12-, and 24-month interviews; height and weight at age 3 were used to determine overweight/obese (≥85th percentile) and obese (≥95th percentile). Adjusted logistic regressions were utilized to determine significance. Greater duration of breastfeeding was associated with fewer reported acute illnesses at 6 months (p < 0.001) and fewer diarrheal illness/constipation episodes at 6, 12, and 24 months (p = 0.05) in adjusted analyses. Fewer breastfed children, compared to non-breastfed children, were overweight/obese (23.5% vs. 37.8%; p = 0.032) or obese (9.1% vs. 21.6%; p = 0.012) at age 3. Breastfeeding duration was negatively associated with overweight/obese (never breastfed: 37.8%, 0-6 months: 26.9%, >6 months: 20.2%; p = 0.020) and obesity (never breastfed: 21.6%, 0-6 months: 11.0%, >6 months: 7.3%; p = 0.012). Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that duration of breastfeeding is associated with fewer reported acute illnesses at 6 months of age and diarrheal illness and/or constipation episodes at 6, 12, and 24 months. Additionally, results from our study suggest a protective effect of breastfeeding from childhood overweight/obesity, as children who received breastmilk for 6 months or longer had lower odds of overweight/obesity at age 3 years.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.