ArticlePloS one2018
Is there such a thing as a 'lope' dope? Analysis of loperamide-related European Medicines Agency (EMA) pharmacovigilance database reports.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Benzydamine Experience: A Systematic Review of Benzydamine Abuse.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Managing Drug-Drug Interactions Involving the Non-Prescription Opioid Loperamide Through Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical characteristics of over-the-counter (OTC) drug abusers in psychiatric practice in Japan: Comparison of single and multiple OTC product abusers.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2024Article
- The Potential Mechanisms behind Loperamide-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias Associated with Human Abuse and Extreme Overdose.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Perspectives of and Experience toward the Abuse of Antidiarrheal Drug (Loperamide) among Community Pharmacists: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Knowledge and Use of Over-the-counter Drugs in Italy: An Exploratory Survey-based Study in the General Population.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Reported congenital malformations after exposure to non-tumour necrosis factor inhibitor biologics: A retrospective comparative study in EudraVigilance.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
- Pharmacovigilance Signals of the Opioid Epidemic over 10 Years: Data Mining Methods in the Analysis of Pharmacovigilance Datasets Collecting Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) Reported to EudraVigilance (EV) and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A mixed-methods systematic review of the prevalence, reasons, associated harms and risk-reduction interventions of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines misuse, abuse and dependence in adults.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2021Review
- Loperamide-induced cardiotoxicity: a case overlooked?BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Beyond the 'purple drank': Study of promethazine abuse according to the European Medicines Agency adverse drug reaction reports.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Sex and Gender Differences in the Effects of Novel Psychoactive Substances.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Pharmacological Aspects of Over-the-Counter Opioid Drugs Misuse.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Exploring the Baseline Knowledge and Experience of Healthcare Professionals in the United Kingdom on Novel Psychoactive Substances.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Focus on Clozapine Withdrawal- and Misuse-Related Cases as Reported to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Pharmacovigilance Database.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- A Rising Concern of Loperamide Abuse: A Case Report on Resulting Cardiac Complications.Cureus · 2019Article
- Assessing the 2004-2018 Fentanyl Misusing Issues Reported to an International Range of Adverse Reporting Systems.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAmong over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, loperamide has recently emerged for its potential of misuse and cardiotoxicity issues. Hence, we aimed here at assessing the loperamide-related cases being reported to the EMA's EudraVigilance (EV) database.
methodsAll spontaneous EV reports relating to loperamide misuse/abuse/dependence/withdrawal and cardiotoxicity issues were here retrieved, performing a descriptive analysis.
findingsDuring the years 2005-2017, EV collected a number of 1,983 (out of a total of 7,895; 25.11%) loperamide-related misuse/abuse/dependence/withdrawal adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports, with a progressively increasing trend since 2014. Most cases were classified as drug use disorder (37.4%) or intentional overdose (25.4%). Loperamide was used on its own in 41.9% of cases; remaining, polydrug, cases included antidepressants; benzodiazepines; and other OTCs. Some 1,085 (1,085/7,895 = 13.7%) cardiovascular ADRs were reported, being conduction abnormalities and EKG alterations the most frequently identified.
conclusionsEV data may support the levels of concern relating to loperamide potential of abuse and associated cardiotoxicity issues.
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