ArticleBMC veterinary research2018
Quantification of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in feces of calves of different age and determination of predominant Clostridioides difficile ribotype 033 relatedness and transmission between family dairy farms using multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Colonization Dynamics ofVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
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- Comparison of Anaerobic Culture Methods for Detecting Clostridioides difficile in Bovine Faeces.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Assessing the Risk of SpreadingAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Whole-genome sequencing of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile reveals multidrug resistance and virulence genes in strains of environmental and animal origin.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
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- Approaching pathogenicbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Non-human Clostridioides difficile Reservoirs and Sources: Animals, Food, Environment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Ribotypes and New Virulent Strains Across Europe.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Update on Commonly Used Molecular Typing Methods forMicroorganisms · 2023Review
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- Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in neonatal foals and mares at a referral hospital.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- The Colonisation of Calves in Czech Large-Scale Dairy Farms by Clonally-RelatedMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2020Review
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- Developing Gut Microbiota Exerts Colonisation Resistance toMicroorganisms · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCommunity acquired Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CA-CDI) is a significant health problem in human and veterinary medicine. Animals are often considered as potential reservoirs for CA-CDI. In Europe, family farming is the most predominant farming operation, with a complex interaction between animals and the community. Therefore, it is pertinent to evaluate transmission patterns of C. difficile on such prominent European farming model. Fecal samples from calves (n = 2442) were collected biweekly over a period of one year on 20 mid-size family dairy farms. Environmental samples (n = 475) were collected in a three month interval. Clostridioides difficile was detected using qPCR in 243 fecal samples (243/2442); positive samples were then quantified. Association between prevalence/load of C. difficile and age of the calves was estimated with logistic regression model. Most common C. difficile isolate from calves (n = 76) and the environment (n = 14) was C. difficile ribotype 033, which was further analyzed using multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) to assess intra- and between-farm relatedness.
resultsClostridioides difficile was detected in feces of calves less than 24 h old. Results showed a non-linear statistically significant decrease in shedding load of C. difficile with age (P < 0.0001). A nonlinear relationship was also established between the number of calves and the farm C. difficile prevalence, whereas the prevalence of C. difficile ribotype 033 increased linearly with the number of calves. MLVA revealed close intra-farm relatedness among C. difficile ribotypes 033. It also revealed that the between-farms close relatedness of C. difficile ribotypes 033 can be a direct result of farm to farm trade of calves.
conclusionsImplementation of better hygiene and management measures on farms may help decrease the risk of spreading CA-CDI between animals and the community. Trading calves older than 3 weeks would decrease the possibility C. difficile dissemination in the community because of lower prevalence and lower load of C. difficile in feces.
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