Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30284637›Full record

ArticleIntensive care medicine2018

Challenges in assessing the burden of sepsis and understanding the inequalities of sepsis outcomes between National Health Systems: secular trends in sepsis and infection incidence and mortality in Germany.

C Fleischmann-Struzek, A Mikolajetz, D Schwarzkopf, J Cohen, C S Hartog, M Pletz, P Gastmeier, K Reinhart

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Intensive care medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07167173 (Predictive Model for Multidrug Resistance in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department With Sepsis), which is not on this map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
9.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07167173 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Predictive Model for Multidrug Resistance in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department With Sepsis

TypeobservationalSponsorHospital Italiano de Buenos AiresRan2025 to 2025Enrolled10,000ConditionsSepsis, Septic Shock
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.

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13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

C Fleischmann-StruzekCenter for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany. carolin.fleischmann@med.uni-jena.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1104-3191
A MikolajetzDepartment for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany.
D SchwarzkopfCenter for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
J CohenBrighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK.
C S HartogKLINIK BAVARIA Kreischa, An der Wolfsschlucht 1-2, 01731, Kreischa, Germany.
M PletzInstitute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany.
P GastmeierInstitute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
K ReinhartCenter for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
Jena University Hospital · DEBrighton and Sussex Medical School · GBCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DEKlinik Bavaria · DE

Funding

BMBF 01EO1502BMBF FKZ: 01EO1002BMBF FKZ: 01KI1501BMBF FKZ: 03ZZ0819B
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeSepsis contributes considerably to global morbidity and mortality, while reasons for its increasing incidence remain unclear. We assessed risk adjusted secular trends in sepsis and infection epidemiology in Germany.

methodsRetrospective cohort study using nationwide German hospital discharge data. We assessed incidence, outcomes and trends of hospital-treated sepsis and infections between 2010 and 2015. Sepsis was identified by explicit ICD-10 sepsis codes. As sensitivity analysis, results were compared with sepsis cases identified by implicit sepsis coding (combined infection and organ dysfunction codes).

resultsAmong 18 664 877 hospital admissions in 2015, 4 213 116 (22.6%) patients had at least one infection code. There were 320 198 patients that had explicit sepsis codes including 136 542 patients with severe sepsis and septic shock; 183 656 patients were coded as sepsis without organ dysfunction. For patients with explicitly coded sepsis (including severe sepsis), or with severe sepsis alone, mortality rates over the period 2010-2015 decreased from 26.6 to 23.5%, and from 47.8 to 41.7%, respectively.

conclusionsSepsis and infection remain significant causes of hospital admission and death in Germany. Sepsis-related mortality is higher and has declined to a lesser degree than in other high-income countries. Although infection rates steadily increased, the observed annual increase of sepsis cases seems to result, to a considerable degree, from improved coding of sepsis.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessSocioeconomic FactorsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDatabases, FactualFemaleGermanyHospitalizationHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSensitivity and SpecificitySepsisEpidemiologySecular trendsSepsisSeptic shock

Identifiers

PMID30284637
PMCPMC6244521
OpenAlexW2895214820

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.