ReviewJournal of endocrinological investigation2018
Treating varicocele in 2018: current knowledge and treatment options.
Review in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- "Management of andrological disorders from childhood and adolescence to transition age: guidelines from the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) in collaboration with the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP)-Part-1".Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Guideline
- Preoperative Varicocele Severity and Sperm Concentration Are Associated with Absence of Internal Spermatic Vein Reflux in Patients Undergoing Varicocele Embolization: Results from A Cross-Sectional Study.The world journal of men's health · 2026Article
- Preoperative Total Testicular Volume as a Predictor of Total Motile Sperm Count Improvement Following Microsurgical Varicocelectomy.Andrology · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Male Infertility-Current Trends and Future Directions: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Progress of the pathogenesis in varicocele: a narrative review.The Canadian journal of urology · 2026Review
- Shear wave elastography in assessing stiffness and volume of varicocele-affected and normal testes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Basic and clinical andrology · 2025Article
- Relationship between plasma homocysteine and clinical grading of varicocele.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Article
- Challenging cases of adherent periarterial vein during subinguinal Fisch technique and subinguinal micro-varicocelecotmy and sclerotherapy: a prospective comparative study.Basic and clinical andrology · 2025Article
- What is the role of pre-operative sperm DNA fragmentation index in microsurgical varicocelectomy success?Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Clinical application and nursing experience of the plan-do-check-act cycle in daytime varicocelectomy.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- New horizons in human sperm selection for assisted reproduction.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Varicoceles: Overview of Treatment from a Radiologic and Surgical Perspective.Seminars in interventional radiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Semen parameter improvements after microsurgical subinguinal varicocele repair are durable for more than 12 months.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2020Article
- The effects of varicocelectomy on the DNA fragmentation index and other sperm parameters: a meta-analysis.Basic and clinical andrology · 2020Review
- Symptoms in Dilating Venous Disease.Current cardiology reviews · 2020Review
- Left spermatic vein reflux after varicocele repair predicts pregnancies and live births in subfertile couples.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2019Observational
- Evaluation of Male Infertility Prevalence with Clinical Outcomes in Middle Anatolian Region.Cureus · 2019Article
- Article
- A Nomogram for Predicting Infertility Risk in Patients With Varicocele Using Inflammatory Markers.American journal of men's healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeVaricocele is defined as a state of varicosity and tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus around the testis caused by retrograde blood flow through the internal spermatic vein. The prevalence of clinically relevant varicocele ranges from 5 to 20% in the male population and is often associated with infertility and reduction of sperm quality. In this review, the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of varicocele are reviewed along with therapeutic options and treatment effects on sperm parameters and fertility both in adult and in pediatric/adolescent subjects.
methodsWe conducted a Medline and a PubMed search from 1965 to 2018 to identify publications related to varicocele clinical aspects, treatment procedures and treatment outcomes. Keywords used for the search were: "varicocele", "varicocelectomy", "sclerotherapy", "male infertility", "subfertility", and "semen abnormalities".
resultsData from a large number of studies in adolescent and adult males indicate that varicocele correction improves semen parameters in the majority of patients, reducing oxidative stress and improving sperm nuclear DNA integrity either with surgical or percutaneous approach.
conclusionsVaricocele repair seems to represent a cost-effective therapeutic option for all males (both adolescent and adults) with a clinical varicocele in the presence of testicular hypotrophy, worsening sperm alterations or infertility. On the other hand, some investigators questioned the role of varicocelectomy in the era of assisted reproduction. Thus, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of varicocele-associated male subfertility is of paramount importance to elucidating the deleterious effects of varicocele on spermatogenesis and possibly formulating new treatment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.