ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
The ReFRAME library as a comprehensive drug repurposing library and its application to the treatment of cryptosporidiosis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It carries an expression of concern. Cited by 127 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- A bibliometric analysis and systematic review of drug repurposing against drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens: a particular focus onFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Discovery of repurposed drugs that disrupt intracellular replication of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei and protect against lethal aerosol infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- AI-driven drug design: a comprehensive review.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Review
- Plasmodium falciparum HSP90 inhibitors show divergent resistance despite a shared ATP-binding site.Cell reports · 2026Article
- RNA functional modulation by Mitoxantrone via RNA structural ensemble repartitioning.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Novel Method to Silence Genes in Cryptosporidium.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Identification of Novel Biomarkers of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides in Diabetic Nephropathy via Transcriptomics and Mendelian Randomization.Current gene therapy · 2026Article
- Computational Strategies for Discovering Inhibitors Targeting Therapeutic Enzymes.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
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- Drug repurposing screen identifies an HRI activating compound that promotes adaptive mitochondrial remodeling in MFN2-deficient cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
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- Shared Binding Site but Divergent Resistance Profiles Uncover Novel Resistance Mechanisms inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of PolyGA Dipeptide Repeat Protein Aggregation by Nucleic Acid Aptamers in C9 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Frontotemporal Dementia Models.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
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- Drug Repurposing Screen Identifies an HRI Activating Compound that Promotes Adaptive Mitochondrial Remodeling in MFN2-deficient Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern
Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The chemical diversity and known safety profiles of drugs previously tested in humans make them a valuable set of compounds to explore potential therapeutic utility in indications outside those originally targeted, especially neglected tropical diseases. This practice of "drug repurposing" has become commonplace in academic and other nonprofit drug-discovery efforts, with the appeal that significantly less time and resources are required to advance a candidate into the clinic. Here, we report a comprehensive open-access, drug repositioning screening set of 12,000 compounds (termed ReFRAME; Repurposing, Focused Rescue, and Accelerated Medchem) that was assembled by combining three widely used commercial drug competitive intelligence databases (Clarivate Integrity, GVK Excelra GoStar, and Citeline Pharmaprojects), together with extensive patent mining of small molecules that have been dosed in humans. To date, 12,000 compounds (∼80% of compounds identified from data mining) have been purchased or synthesized and subsequently plated for screening. To exemplify its utility, this collection was screened against
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.