ReviewNephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association2018
Large uremic toxins: an unsolved problem in end-stage kidney disease.
Review in Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04747067 (The Effect of Hemodiafiltration Versus High Flux Dialysis On Free Light Chains Reduction And Its Relation To Albumin Loss.), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Hemodiafiltration Versus High Flux Dialysis On Free Light Chains Reduction And Its Relation To Albumin Loss.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of medium cut-off dialyzers and comparison with high-flux dialyzers in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- A Randomised Prospective Crossover Study on the Effects of Medium Cut-Off Membranes on FGF-23 and Inflammatory Mediators in Patients Receiving Regular Haemodialysis.Blood purification · 2025Trial
- Gut barrier and microbiota changes with glycine and branched-chain amino acid supplementation in chronic haemodialysis patients.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2021Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Expanded Hemodialysis with the Theranova 400 Dialyzer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2020Trial
- Review
- Hyperkisspeptinemia and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis uncoupling in hemodialysis patients: clinical evidence suggestive of central desensitization.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- ABO Blood Types and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Hemodialysis Modality and Mortality Outcomes among Incident Dialysis Patients: An International Cohort Study Comparing High-Volume Hemodiafiltration and Hemodialysis.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Observational
- Residual Kidney Function and Response of Left Ventricular Mass to Intensive Hemodialysis: The Frequent Hemodialysis Network Trials.Kidney360 · 2026Article
- Impact of Expanded Hemodialysis on Subjective Experience Using Dynamic Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Tool.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Comparing Clearances of Polymethylmethacrylate and Polysulfone Dialyzer Membranes for Postdilution Hemodiafiltration in Patients With Kidney Failure: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Temporal Changes in Blood Metabolome Among Patients on Hemodialysis.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Benefits and Pitfalls of Uraemic Toxin Measurement in Peritoneal Dialysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Role of Uremic Toxins, Oxidative Stress, and Renal Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Prognostic Role of Serum β-Trace Protein Levels among Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- The Efficacy of Zinc Gluconate Supplementation in the Improvement of Malnutrition Indices and Skin Abnormalities in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Trial design of the MOTheR HDx study: a multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized study to explore the morbidity and mortality in patients dialyzed with the Theranova HDx in comparison with online hemodiafiltration.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Article
- Positive Association of Serum Galectin-3 with the Development of Aortic Stiffness of Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on maintenance hemodialysis are subject to a high burden of inflammation and cardiovascular disease, driven at least in part by retention of uremic solutes. Existing dialysis technologies using high-flux membranes offer limited clearance of solutes >15 kDa. New approaches to improve the removal of large uremic toxins include the novel medium cut-off dialysis membranes with pores larger than those in high-flux membranes. These new membranes provide the potential to improve the clearance of large middle molecules up to 50 kDa. In this review, we discuss 18 uremic toxins with molecular weights between 15 and 60 kDa that are retained in ESKD, for which there is evidence of a link to inflammation and/or cardiovascular disease. These include inflammatory proteins, cytokines, adipokines and other signaling proteins. Improved clearance of this group of difficult to remove molecules has the potential to lead to improved outcomes in dialysis patients by reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease, which now needs to be assessed in robust clinical trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.