ReviewPhysiological reviews2019
Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back.
Review in Physiological reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,290 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,290 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,072 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role and mechanisms of AMPK in neurovascular unit injury in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Effects and mechanisms of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on post-stroke cognitive impairment in animal studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Diabetic retinopathy and the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Differential detectability of pericyte and blood-brain barrier readouts across the Alzheimer's disease clinical continuum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Biomarkers and pathways in autism spectrum disorder: An individual meta-analysis based on proteomic and metabolomic data.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of a 12-week table tennis training on physical fitness and serum antioxidant parameters for older adults.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Cell swelling and upright mounting-based imaging for high-resolution visualization of intracellular trafficking across the BBB using conventional confocal microscopy.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-triggered platelet vehicles loading fluorescein for targeted sonodynamic therapy of glioblastoma.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- Hypercoagulability and vascular proinflammatory activation promote cardiac-cerebral fibrinogenesis in a rodent model of Chagas disease.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Diabetic cerebral microvascular disorder: from key pathologies to targeted interventions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Cross-phenotype and cross-species integrative genomic prioritization of FOXF2 and FOXC1 at a cerebral small vessel disease locus.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Targeting innovative therapeutic approaches to the hallmarks of aging to combat Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Multiple-TE Based Blood-Brain-Barrier Water Exchange Time Measurement Using a TE-Resolved 3D TSE Stack-Of-Spirals Readout.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Small-molecule TREM2 agonists: From artificial intelligence driven discovery to therapeutic application in Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Article
- Animal models of multi-infarct dementia: Methodological approaches, neuropathology, functional outcomes, and translational relevance.Experimental neurology · 2026Review
- Circulating factors induced by time-restricted eating drive metabolic reprogramming in endothelial cells.GeroScience · 2026Article
- MFSD2A in health and disease: lysolipid transport, barrier physiology, and translational boundaries.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Impaired peptide amidation and risk of incident dementia in the Malmoe preventive project cohort.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
1,230 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and pathogens from entering the brain. At the same time, the BBB regulates transport of molecules into and out of the central nervous system (CNS), which maintains tightly controlled chemical composition of the neuronal milieu that is required for proper neuronal functioning. In this review, we first examine molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the establishment of the BBB. Then, we focus on BBB transport physiology, endothelial and pericyte transporters, and perivascular and paravascular transport. Next, we discuss rare human monogenic neurological disorders with the primary genetic defect in BBB-associated cells demonstrating the link between BBB breakdown and neurodegeneration. Then, we review the effects of genes underlying inheritance and/or increased susceptibility for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on BBB in relation to other pathologies and neurological deficits. We next examine how BBB dysfunction relates to neurological deficits and other pathologies in the majority of sporadic AD, PD, and ALS cases, multiple sclerosis, other neurodegenerative disorders, and acute CNS disorders such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and epilepsy. Lastly, we discuss BBB-based therapeutic opportunities. We conclude with lessons learned and future directions, with emphasis on technological advances to investigate the BBB functions in the living human brain, and at the molecular and cellular level, and address key unanswered questions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.