ReviewWorld journal of pediatrics : WJP2018
Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease (2018 edition).
Review in World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Risk factors for death from hand-foot-mouth disease: a meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac®) co-administered with an inactivated enterovirus type 71 vaccine (Inlive®): A phase 4, randomized, controlled trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Enterovirus infections in children.Pediatric investigation · 2026Review
- Genetic variation, recombinant characteristics, and seroprevalence analysis of echovirus 3 causing severe and mild cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guizhou Province.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Estimating the nationwide incidence of coxsackievirus A6-associated hand, foot and mouth disease in China, 2008-2022.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Clinical Utility of Small Extracellular Vesicles as Liquid Biopsy for Oral Mucosal Disease Diagnostics: Emerging Perspectives.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Short-term effects of meteorological factors on hand, foot, and mouth disease in Zhengzhou, China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A clinical SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor blocks replication of multiple enteroviruses and confers oral in vivo protection in animal models.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Dynamic changes of hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic crossing three periods in Jiangxi Province, China: a long-term epidemiology retrospective study from 2009 to 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Impact of meteorological factors on the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by major enterovirus pathogens: a distributed lag nonlinear analysis in Fujian Province, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effects of the non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic on hand, foot and mouth disease in Qingdao, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Molecular epidemiological characteristics of coxsackievirus A6 in Jinhua, China, 2019-2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Epidemiological, etiological, and serological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guizhou Province, Southwest China, from 2008 to 2023.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Clinical efficacy and mechanistic insights of Xuebijing in hand, foot, and mouth disease: a meta-analysis with integrated pharmacological approaches.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Onychomadesis secondary to mouth, hand, and foot disease: Case reportBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease by virus serotype: A prospective hospital-based cohort study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Circulation of non-polio enteroviruses in the Ural Federal District and Western Siberia in 2023: the return of an old foe?Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Appraising non-HDL-C, systolic pressure, and a nomogram-based diagnostic model as auxiliary biomarkers in confirming acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and genetic characterizations of hand, foot, and mouth disease and acute respiratory infections due to CV-A6 infection in Henan Province, China between 2021 and 2022.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
33 authors at 19 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in childhood caused by an enterovirus (EV), and which is principally seen in children under 5 years of age. To promote diagnostic awareness and effective treatments, to further standardize and strengthen the clinical management and to reduce the mortality of HFMD, the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment have been developed.
methodsNational Health Commission of China assembled an expert committee for a revision of the guidelines. The committee included 33 members who are specialized in diagnosis and treatment of HFMD.
resultsEarly recognition of severe cases is utmost important in diagnosis and treatment of patients with HFMD. The key to diagnosis and treatment of severe cases lies in the timely and accurate recognition of stages 2 and 3 of HFMD, in order to stop progression to stage 4. Clinicians should particularly pay attention to those EV-A71 cases in children aged less than 3 years, and those with disease duration less than 3 days. The following indicators should alert the clinician of possible deterioration and impending critical disease: (1) persistent hyperthermia; (2) involvement of nervous system; (3) worsening respiratory rate and rhythm; (4) circulatory dysfunction; (5) elevated peripheral WBC count; (6) elevated blood glucose and (7) elevated blood lactic acid. For treatment, most mild cases can be treated as outpatients. Patients should be isolated to avoid cross-infection. Intense treatment modalities should be given for those severe cases.
conclusionThe guidelines can provide systematic guidance on the diagnosis and management of HFMD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.