ArticleEndocrine2019
Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Article in Endocrine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of the calcium stimulation test in diagnosing medullary thyroid cancer: is it adequate to achieve a diagnosis in both sexes? An individual patient data meta-analysis.European thyroid journal · 2025Pooled it
- Hormone secretion predicts poor prognosis in lung neuroendocrine neoplasms.Endocrine-related cancer · 2026Article
- Paraneoplastic Endocrine Changes in Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Clinical and Mechanistic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Update in the Management of ACTH-Secreting Gastroenteropancreatic and Thoracic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Complete surgical resection of cortisol secreting neuroendocrine thymic tumour: a case report.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Article
- Severe hypercalcemia due to metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- What Lies behind Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia Secondary to Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Neoplasms? A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of unknown primary origin: a case report and literature review.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2022Review
- Calcitonin-secreting neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.Endocrine connections · 2021Article
- Case Report: Unmasking Hypercalcemia in Patients With Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Experience From Six Italian Referral Centers.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveOur aim was to assess the prevalence of endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes (EPNS) in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and estimate its impact on patient outcomes.
designThis is a retrospective analysis of 834 patients with NENs (611 gastrointestinal, 166 thoracic, 57 of unknown and various other primary origin). We included 719 consecutive NEN patients treated at EKPA-Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece and 115 patients with lung carcinoid (LC) treated at Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. EPNS diagnosis was based on standard criteria.
methodsTwenty-one patients with EPNS were detected: 16 with ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS), one with hypercalcaemia due to parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) secretion, three with hypercalcitonaemia and one patient with dual secretion of calcitonin and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG). All tumours were well-differentiated; 10 patients had Stage IV disease at diagnosis.
resultsThe prevalence of EPNS in the Greek cohort was 1.9%, whereas that of ECS among LC patients in both centres was 6.7%. Median overall survival (OS) for patients with EPNS was 160.7 months (95%CI, 86-235.4) and median event-free survival (EFS) was 25.9 months (95%CI, 0-57.2). Patients presenting with EPNS prior to NEN diagnosis had longer EFS compared to patients with synchronous or metachronous EPNS (log-rank P = 0.013). Patients with ECS of extra-thoracic origin demonstrated shorter OS and EFS compared to patients with ECS of lung or thymic origin (log-rank P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). LC patients with and without ECS were comparable in 5-year and 10-year OS rates (66.7% and 33.3% versus 89.8% and 60.2%, respectively; 95%CI [189.6-300.4 months], log-rank P = 0.94) and in median EFS, 67 versus 183 months, 95%CI [50.5-207.5], log-rank P = 0.12).
conclusionEPNS are relatively rare in patients with NENs and mainly concern well-differentiated tumours of the foregut. Among patients with EPNS, LC-related ECS may not adversely affect patient outcomes when diagnosed prior to NEN and effectively been treated.
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