ArticleMolecular medicine reports2018
MrgX2‑mediated internalization of LL‑37 and degranulation of human LAD2 mast cells.
Article in Molecular medicine reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of proteomic and metabolomic alterations in anaphylaxis reactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Icatibant Acts as a Balanced Ligand of MRGPRX2 in Human Skin Mast Cells.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- The Anti-Angiogenic Effect of Microbotox on Rosacea Is Due to the Suppressed Secretion of VEGF by Mast Cells Resulting From Internalization of the MRGPRX2 Receptor.Annals of dermatology · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Peptide Signaling in Skin Diseases.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2025Review
- Casticin reduces rosacea-related inflammation by inhibiting mast cell activation via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Glioblastoma Multiforme: Sensitivity to Antimicrobial Peptides LL-37 and PG-1, and Their Combination with Chemotherapy for Predicting the Overall Survival of Patients.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Modulation of the Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) by Xenobiotic Compounds and Its Relevance to Human Diseases.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Review
- The Contribution of Antimicrobial Peptides to Immune Cell Function: A Review of Recent Advances.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Phytochemicals and Vitamin D for a Healthy Life and Prevention of Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Chlorogenic Acid Isomers Isolated fromBiomedicines · 2022Article
- β-arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2 Restrain MRGPRX2-Triggered Degranulation and ERK1/2 Activation in Human Skin Mast Cells.Frontiers in allergy · 2022Article
- In Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Mast Cells in Omental Adipose Tissue Decrease the Surface Expression of CD45, CD117, CD203c, and FcϵRI.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Amelioration of Compound 48/80-Mediated Itch and LL-37-Induced Inflammation by a Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Significance of LL-37 on Immunomodulation and Disease Outcome.BioMed research international · 2020Review
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Murepavadin in Neutropenic Mouse Models.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
LL‑37 is the sole antimicrobial peptide of human cathelicidin comprising 37 amino acids, which is expressed mainly in epithelial cells and neutrophils, and activates mast cells. In the present study, in order to elucidate the mechanism of mast cell activation by LL‑37, the associations between the internalization of LL‑37 and Mas‑related gene X2 (MrgX2)‑mediated mast cell activation (degranulation) was investigated using the human mast cell line, LAD2. LL‑37 was rapidly internalized into the cells, and induced degranulation, as assessed by the extracellular release of β‑hexosaminidase. Pertussis toxin, a G‑protein inhibitor, significantly suppressed the internalization of LL‑37 and the degranulation of LAD2 cells. Furthermore, small interfering (si)‑RNA‑mediated knockdown of MrgX2, a putative G protein‑coupled receptor for LL‑37, inhibited the internalization of LL‑37 and degranulation of LAD2 cells. Notably, LL‑37 internalization was enhanced by the stable expression of MrgX2 in HMC‑1 and 293 cells. In addition, the internalized LL‑37 mainly colocalized with MrgX2 in the perinuclear region of LAD2 cells. Furthermore, neuraminidase treatment, which removes negatively charged sialic acid from the cell surface, markedly reduced the internalization of LL‑37 and degranulation of LAD2 cells, and clathrin‑mediated endocytosis inhibitors (dynasore and chlorpromazine) inhibited the internalization and degranulation of LAD2 cells. Taken together, these observations indicated that LL‑37 may bind the negatively charged cell surface molecules, rapidly internalize into the cells via clathrin‑mediated endocytosis and interact with MrgX2 to activate mast cells (LAD2 cells).
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