ArticlePediatric research2019
Sex-specific alterations in preterm brain.
Article in Pediatric research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Massage-Related Changes in Cortical Activity and Cerebral Oxygenation in Healthy Term Infants: An Exploratory EEG-fNIRS Study with Sex-Specific Observations.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Multimodal Graphical Network Analysis of Small-for-Gestational-Age in Preterm Infants: Integrating Neonatal Brain Volume, Structural Connectivity, and Early Neurodevelopmental Outcome.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- White matter microstructure and its association with visuospatial processing development during early infancy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Aperiodic parameters of the fMRI power spectrum associate with preterm birth and neonatal age.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Associations between postnatal cerebral oxygen availability and utilization in very to late preterm infants and neurodevelopmental outcome.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- SEPoolConvNeXt: A Deep Learning Framework for Automated Classification of Neonatal Brain Development Using T1- and T2-Weighted MRI.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Enduring prenatal androgen effects on the female brain.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Postnatal Dysregulation of Androgens in Extremely Preterm Male Infants.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Effects of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) and Biological Sex on Brain Size.Anatomia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Association between mitochondrial DNA copy number and neurodevelopmental outcomes among black and white preterm infants up to two years of age.Interdisciplinary nursing research · 2024Article
- CBLL1 is hypomethylated and correlates with cortical thickness in transgender men before gender affirming hormone treatment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Maternal steroids during pregnancy and their associations with exposure to lifetime stressful life events, prenatal stress appraisal and psychological functioning.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Ultrasonographic evaluation of the early brain growth pattern in very low birth weight infants.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Aberrant allometric scaling of cortical folding in preterm-born adults.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Interventions in Rat Models of Preterm Hypoxic Ischemic Injury: Effects of Hypothermia, Caffeine, and the Influence of Sex.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Sex Differences in the Association of Pretransfusion Hemoglobin Levels with Brain Structure and Function in the Preterm Infant.The Journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Extremely preterm children demonstrate hyperconnectivity during verb generation: A multimodal approach.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2021Article
- Extremely Preterm Children Demonstrate Interhemispheric Hyperconnectivity During Verb Generation: a Multimodal Approach.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe literature on brain imaging in premature infants is mostly made up of studies that evaluate neonates, yet the most dynamic time of brain development happens from birth to 1 year of age. This study was designed to obtain quantitative brain measures from magnetic resonance imaging scans of infants born prematurely at 12 months of age.
methodsThe subject group was designed to capture a wide range of gestational age (GA) from premature to full-term infants. An age-specific atlas generated quantitative brain measures. A regression model was used to predict effects of GA and sex on brain measures.
resultsThere was a primary effect of sex on: (1) intracranial volume, males > females; (2) proportional cerebral cortical gray matter (females > males), and (3) cerebral white matter (males > females). GA predicted cerebral volume and cerebral spinal fluid. GA also predicted cortical gray matter in a sex-specific manner with GA having a significant effect on cortical volume in the males, but not in females. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Sex differences in brain structure are large early in life. GA had sex-specific effects highlighting the importance evaluating sex effects in neurodevelopmental outcomes of premature infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.