ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2019
The effect of antigen dose on T cell-targeting vaccine outcome.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Influenza B mosaic HA mRNA-LNP vaccines are cross-reactive and protective in mice.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- UNICOR-v, a Pan-Coronavirus Subunit Vaccine, Demonstrates Immunogenicity and Efficacy Against MERS-CoV Infection.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Development of a NovelVaccines · 2026Article
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- Establishing long-lasting vaccine immunity: insights from mRNA and adjuvanted protein platforms.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- A Programmable Nanovaccine Platform Based on M13 Bacteriophage for Personalized Cancer Vaccine and Therapy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Is dystrophin immunogenicity a barrier to advancing gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?Gene therapy · 2025Review
- Lipid A mimetic BECC438 potentiates durable and balanced antibody responses in an ovalbumin murine model of vaccination.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- Next-generation Candida albicans recombinant Als3p and Hyr1p dual antigen vaccine for invasive Candida infections.Research square · 2025Article
- Beyond Protection: The Cytotoxic Effect of Anti-Tat Antibodies in People Living with HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Development of a bivalent protein subunit vaccine against infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- High antigen burden drives CD8+ T cell dysfunction in a mouse model of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- A Multiscale Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model for the Development and Optimization of mRNA Vaccines.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2025Article
- mRNA-LNP vaccine strategies: Effects of adjuvants on non-parenchymal liver cells and tolerance.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Evaluation of formulation and immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) vaccine for needle-free intradermal route injection.Journal of veterinary science · 2025Article
- Optimizing rWTC-MBTA Vaccine Formulations, Dosing Regimens, and Cryopreservation Techniques to Enhance Anti-Metastatic Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
During the past 3-4 decades, an increasing amount of evidence has pointed to the complex role of the antigen dose or T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation strength on the subsequent type, duration and "flavor" or quality of the response. Antigen dose was initially shown to impact Th1/Th2 bias, and later also shown to differentially affect development and induction of Tregs, Th17, T-follicular helper (Tfh), cells, and others. In recent years the quality of both CD4/8 T cells during infections, cancer and/or autoimmunity has turned out to be critical for subsequent disease outcome. Importantly, different vaccination strategies also lead to different types of T cell responses, and the role of the antigen dose is emerging as an important factor as well as a tool for investigators to utilize in fine-tuning vaccine efficacy. This commentary will highlight essential background of how antigen dose can impact and affect the quality of T cell responses, and discuss how this translates in different vaccine settings.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.