ArticleHuman brain mapping2019
The relationship between socioeconomic status and white matter microstructure in pre-reading children: A longitudinal investigation.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Socioeconomic Status Disparities in Children's Cognition-Differences in Degree or Kind?Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Pooled it
- Optimal brain development is context-dependent: How socioeconomic status moderates brain-behavior relationships in cognitive and academic development.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- Associations between socioeconomic factors and mental symptoms highlight whole-body correlates and pathways.iScience · 2026Article
- Social Determinants of Health, the developing brain, and risk and resilience for psychopathology.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal trajectories of brain development from infancy to school age and their relationship with literacy development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of brain development from infancy to school age and their relationship to literacy development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Annual Research Review: Exposure to environmental chemicals and psychosocial stress and the development of children's learning difficulties.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Review
- Distinct effects of early-stage and late-stage socioeconomic factors on brain and behavioral traits.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Development of the arcuate fasciculus is linked to learning gains in reading.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- The role of the hippocampus in working memory and word reading: Novel neural correlates of reading among youth living in the context of economic disadvantage.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Caregiver Self-Efficacy in Relation to Caregivers' History of Language and Reading Difficulties and Children's Shared Reading Experiences.Language, speech, and hearing services in schools · 2024Article
- Differences in educational opportunity predict white matter development.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- A Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial to Optimize User Engagement With a Chatbot-Led Parenting Intervention: Protocol for the ParentText Optimisation Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Leveraging brain science for impactful advocacy and policymaking: The synergistic partnership between developmental cognitive neuroscientists and a parent-led grassroots movement to drive dyslexia prevention policy and legislation.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Review
- White matter and literacy: A dynamic system in flux.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic Disparities in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Regulation and Prefrontal Cortical Structure.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Review
- Socioeconomic Status and Reading Development: Moving from "Deficit" to "Adaptation" in Neurobiological Models of Experience-Dependent Learning.Mind, brain and education : the official journal of the International Mind, Brain, and Education Society · 2023Article
- Neighborhood Socio-Economic Status Influences Motor Performance and Inhibitory Control in Kindergarten Children-Findings from the Cross-Sectional Kitafit Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Associations Between Socioeconomic Status, Obesity, Cognition, and White Matter Microstructure in Children.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Associations between socioeconomic status and white matter microstructure in children: indirect effects via obesity and cognition.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Reading is a learned skill crucial for educational attainment. Children from families of lower socioeconomic status (SES) tend to have poorer reading performance and this gap widens across years of schooling. Reading relies on the orchestration of multiple neural systems integrated via specific white-matter pathways, but there is limited understanding about whether these pathways relate differentially to reading performance depending on SES background. Kindergarten white-matter FA and second-grade reading outcomes were investigated in an SES-diverse sample of 125 children. The three left-hemisphere white-matter tracts most associated with reading, and their right-hemisphere homologs, were examined: arcuate fasciculus (AF), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). There was a significant and positive association between SES and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the bilateral ILF in kindergarten. SES moderated the association between kindergarten ILF and second grade reading performance, such that it was positive in lower-SES children, but not significant in higher-SES children. These results have implications for understanding the role of the environment in the development of the neural pathways that support reading.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.