ArticleMolecular neurobiology2019
Evidence Supporting a Role for the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Transporting Circulating Ghrelin into the Brain.
Article in Molecular neurobiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ghrelin's role in sleep and sleep deprivation: a narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Ghrelin Increases Glutamate Release at the Perforant Path-Dentate Gyrus Granule Cell Synapses by Cross-Activating Dopamine DJournal of cellular physiology · 2025Article
- Ghrelin-induced neuronal NPY promotes brain metastasis in lung cancer patients with low BMI.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Low Levels of Serum Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 Are Associated With Anxiety Disorders in Children.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- GHSR blockade, but not reduction of peripherally circulating ghrelin via βMolecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Growth hormone secretagogue receptor and cannabinoid receptor type 1 intersection in the mouse brain.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
- Article
- A single-cell transcriptomic study of heterogeneity in human embryonic tanycytes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- The Pattern of GH Action in the Mouse Brain.Endocrinology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic potential of ghrelin/GOAT/GHSR system in gastrointestinal disorders.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Ghrelin's orexigenic action in the lateral hypothalamic area involves indirect recruitment of orexin neurons and arcuate nucleus activation.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Ghrelin Action in the PVH of Male Mice: Accessibility, Neuronal Targets, and CRH Neurons Activation.Endocrinology · 2023Article
- From the stomach to locus coeruleus: new neural substrate for ghrelin's effects on ingestive, motivated and anxiety-like behaviors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Involvement of the ghrelin system in the maintenance and reinstatement of cocaine-motivated behaviors: a role of adrenergic action at peripheral β1 receptors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- GHSR controls food deprivation-induced activation of CRF neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in a LEAP2-dependent manner.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks.Physiological reviews · 2022 · on this mapArticle
- Ghrelin Acylation-A Post-Translational Tuning Mechanism Regulating Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.Cells · 2022Review
- Ghrelin and the Control of Energy Balance in Females.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Insights Into the Regulation of Offspring Growth by Maternally Derived Ghrelin.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The stomach-derived hormone ghrelin mainly acts in the brain. Studies in mice have shown that the accessibility of ghrelin into the brain is limited and that it mainly takes place in some circumventricular organs, such as the median eminence. Notably, some known brain targets of ghrelin are distantly located from the circumventricular organs. Thus, we hypothesized that ghrelin could also access the brain via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, which consists of the choroid plexus and the hypothalamic tanycytes. Using systemic injection of ghrelin or fluorescent-ghrelin in mice, we found that cells of the blood-CSF barrier internalize these molecules. In time-response studies, we found that peripherally injected fluorescent-ghrelin quickly reaches hypothalamic regions located in apposition to the median eminence and more slowly reaches the periventricular hypothalamic parenchyma, adjacent to the dorsal part of the third ventricle. Additionally, we found that CSF ghrelin levels increase after the systemic administration of ghrelin, and that central infusions of either an anti-ghrelin antibody, which immuno-neutralizes CSF ghrelin, or a scrambled version of ghrelin, which is also internalized by cells of the blood-CSF barrier, partially impair the orexigenic effect of peripherally injected ghrelin. Thus, current evidence suggests that the blood-CSF barrier can transport circulating ghrelin into the brain, and that the access of ghrelin into the CSF is required for its full orexigenic effect.
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