ReviewBrain circulation
Neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury: A chronic response to an acute injury.
Review in Brain circulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Neuroinflammation in Shaping Neuroplasticity and Recovery Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation on cognitive impairment with traumatic brain injury in animal studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Nutritional interventions to support acute mTBI recovery.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Sexual Dimorphism in the Microglial Inflammatory Response After Traumatic Brain Injury.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Self-assembling scaffolds epigenetically reactivate and electroactively guide neuronal regeneration to restore central neural circuits.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Review of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Disease: Comprehensive Theory and Evidence for Mechanisms of Action.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Concurrent Toxoplasma gondii infection and neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury patients in a referral hospital in Douala Cameroon.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Inhibition of p38 MAPK after repetitive mTBI ameliorates immune signaling and functional deficits.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Cytokines and related signaling pathways in traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microglia depletion improves hippocampal circuit function after mild traumatic brain injury in male mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Shared neuropathological features of mild traumatic brain injury and anesthesia.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Targeting mitofusin 1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics to suppress neuroinflammation and pyroptosis after traumatic brain injury.Burns & trauma · 2026Article
- Inflammatory profiling for precision neurorehabilitation after traumatic brain injury and stroke: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose restores glial cell mitochondrial function and attenuates neuroinflammation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The border-associated macrophage marker MRC1 contributes to an early neuroprotective inflammatory response to traumatic brain injury in mice.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Immunological response and tissue loss in a rodent model of chronic traumatic brain injury treated with resolvin.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2025Article
- Gut-brain-immune axis implications for mental health and disease.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Single Extracellular Vesicle Profiling to Define Brain Specific Traumatic Brain Injury Induced Neuro-Inflammation.Small methods · 2025Article
- Nasal anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody ameliorates traumatic brain injury, enhances microglial phagocytosis and reduces neuroinflammation via IL-10-dependent TNature neuroscience · 2025Article
- MicroRNA signatures in neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation and neurotransmission in association with depression.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2025Review
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Every year, approximately 1.4 million US citizens visit emergency rooms for traumatic brain injuries. Formerly known as an acute injury, chronic neurodegenerative symptoms such as compromised motor skills, decreased cognitive abilities, and emotional and behavioral changes have caused the scientific community to consider chronic aspects of the disorder. The injury causing impact prompts multiple cell death processes, starting with neuronal necrosis, and progressing to various secondary cell death mechanisms. Secondary cell death mechanisms, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, and inflammation accompany chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) and often contribute to long-term disabilities. One hallmark of both acute and chronic TBI is neuroinflammation. In acute stages, neuroinflammation is beneficial and stimulates an anti-inflammatory response to the damage. Conversely, in chronic TBI, excessive inflammation stimulates the aforementioned secondary cell death. Converting inflammatory cells from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory may expand the therapeutic window for treating TBI, as inflammation plays a role in all stages of the injury. By expanding current research on the role of inflammation in TBI, treatment options and clinical outcomes for afflicted individuals may improve. This paper is a review article. Referred literature in this paper has been listed in the references section. The data sets supporting the conclusions of this article are available online by searching various databases, including PubMed. Some original points in this article come from the laboratory practice in our research center and the authors' experiences.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.