ArticleJournal of immunology research2018
Serum and Ectopic Endometrium from Women with Endometriosis Modulate Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization via the Smad2/Smad3 Pathway.
Article in Journal of immunology research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Macrophages in Oocyte Donation Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Targeting the Immune Network in Endometriosis: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Immunomodulation, and Emerging Therapies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Single-nucleus analysis of menstrual fluid highlights gene expression differences in epithelial cells of endometriosis donors.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Endometriosis and Chronic Endometritis: Shared Mechanisms, Diagnostic Challenges, and Clinical Implications in Infertility.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Endometriosis immune microenvironment timing shifts: from immune escape to immune exhaustion.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- RUNX1 promotes NSCLC progression by ACP5/SMAD3-mediated M2 macrophage polarization.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Temporal dynamics of uterine immune microenvironment remodeling in a murine model of adenomyosis.Molecular human reproduction · 2025Article
- Immunopathological insights into endometriosis: from research advances to future treatments.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Immune System's Role in Endometriosis: Insights Into Pathogenesis, Pain, and Treatment.Cureus · 2025Review
- Review
- Association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and endometriosis: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES data.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data reveals altered cellular composition and predictive cell types in ectopic endometriosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Progressively diminished estrogen signaling concordant with increased fibrosis in ectopic endometrium.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
- Tellimagrandin II Stimulates Inflammasomes by Causing an Accumulation of 3-Aminopropanal, Which Promotes Apoptosis of Endometriotic Cells While Inhibiting Invasion.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Endometriosis as an immune-mediated disease: pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Examining the Impact of Environmental Non-Persistent Compounds: Phthalates, BPA, and Benzophenone on Endometriosis.Seminars in reproductive medicine · 2024Review
- Macrophage Phenotype Induced by Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles from Women with Endometriosis.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- The potential role of gut microbiota in the occurrence and development of endometriosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Altered Immune Cell Profiles in the Follicular Fluid of Patients with Poor Ovarian Response According to the POSEIDON Criteria.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Digestive system deep infiltrating endometriosis: What do we know.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study investigated the alterations in macrophage polarization in patients with endometriosis as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
methodsPeritoneal washings, serum samples, and endometrial tissues were collected from endometriosis patients and control subjects. Endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were isolated from endometrial tissue, and conditioned medium was prepared by treating ESCs with or without various concentrations of interleukin- (IL-) 6, estrogen, or progestin. The frequencies of CD86+ and CD163+ cells and expression levels of these markers as well as the cytokines IL-12 and IL-10 were measured in THP-1- (human monocytic leukemia cell) derived macrophages.
resultsThere was a decrease in the percentage of CD86+ macrophages in the peritoneal wash solution of patients with endometriosis. Ectopic endometrial homogenates could promote M1 to M2 macrophage polarization in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as evidenced by the increased percentage of CD163+ macrophages and increased IL-10 expression as well as a decreased percentage of CD86+ cells and lower IL-12 expression. In contrast, addition of serum from women with endometriosis to THP-1 cells resulted in the polarization of macrophages towards both M1 and M2 phenotypes. Upregulation of Smad2/Smad3 in macrophages upon exposure to eutopic and ectopic endometrial homogenates as well as serum of women with endometriosis was observed, and blockage of Smad2/Smad3 with their inhibitor SB431542 could reverse the macrophage polarization from M1 to M2. Conditioned medium induced by IL-6, but neither estrogen nor progestin, could facilitate M2 polarization. Neutralization of IL-6 diminished macrophage M2 polarization in endometriosis.
conclusionThis study provides detailed evidence supporting alterations in M1 to M2 macrophage polarization that may contribute to the initiation as well as progression of endometriosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.