ArticleTropical medicine and infectious disease2018
Epidemiology and Spatiotemporal Patterns of Leprosy Detection in the State of Bahia, Brazilian Northeast Region, 2001⁻2014.
Article in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of paucibacillary cases of leprosy in Brazil: a 20-year systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Persistent and Emerging High-Risk Clusters of Leprosy Detection in Brazil: A Nationwide Spatiotemporal Analysis, 2001-2023.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Article
- Ecuador Towards Zero Leprosy: A Twenty-Three-Year Retrospective Epidemiologic and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Leprosy in Ecuador.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Spatial analysis of the epidemiological risk of leprosy in the municipalities of Minas Gerais.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Geospatial epidemiology of leprosy in northwest Bangladesh: a 20-year retrospective observational study.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2021Observational
- Leprosy in urban space, areas of risk for disability and worsening of this health condition in Foz Do Iguaçu, the border region between Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.BMC public health · 2020Article
- [Mortality from leprosy in highly endemic contexts: integrated temporal-spatial analysis in BrazilMortalidad por lepra en zonas de alta endemicidad: análisis espacio-temporal integrado en Brasil].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2019Article
- Control of Communicable Diseases in Human and in Animal Populations: 70th Anniversary of the Year of the Birth of Professor Rick Speare (2 August 1947⁻5 June 2016).Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The detection of leprosy cases is distributed unequally in Brazil, with high-risk clusters mainly in the North and Northeast regions. Knowledge on epidemiology and spatiotemporal patterns of leprosy occurrence and late diagnosis in these areas is critical to improve control measures. We performed a study including all leprosy cases notified in the 417 municipalities of Bahia state, from 2001 to 2014. New case detection (overall and pediatric <15 years) and grade 2 disability (G2D) rates were calculated and stratified according to socio-demographic variables. Spatial analyses were performed to detect high-risk areas for occurrence and late diagnosis. A total of 40,060 new leprosy cases was reported in the period (mean = 2861 cases/year), 3296 (8.2%) in <15-year-olds, and 1921 (4.8%) with G2D. The new case detection rate was 20.41 cases/100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 19.68⁻21.17). A higher risk was identified in older age groups (RR = 8.45, 95% CI: 7.08⁻10.09) and in residents living in the state capital (RR = 5.30, 95% CI: 4.13⁻6.79), in medium-sized cities (RR = 2.80; 95% CI: 2.50⁻3.13), and in the west (RR = 6.56, 95% CI: 5.13⁻8.39) and far south regions of the state (RR = 6.56, 95% CI: 5.13⁻8.39). A higher risk of G2D was associated with male gender (RR = 2.43, 95% CI: 2.20⁻2.67), older age (RR = 44.08, 95% CI: 33.21⁻58.51), Afro-Brazilian ethnicity (RR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.37⁻1.85), living in medium-sized cities (RR = 2.60; 95% CI: 2.27⁻2.96) and residency in the north (RR = 5.02; 95% CI: 3.74⁻6.73) and far south (RR = 7.46; 95% CI: 5.58⁻9.98) regions. Heterogeneous space⁻time patterns of leprosy distribution were identified, indicating high endemicity, recent transmission, and late diagnosis. This heterogeneous distribution of the disease was observed throughout the study period. Leprosy remains a relevant public health problem in Bahia state. The disease has a focal distribution. We reinforce the importance of integrating surveillance, prevention and control actions in regions of higher risk of leprosy detection and late diagnosis, and in the most vulnerable populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.