ReviewTropical medicine and infectious disease2018
First Aid and Pre-Hospital Management of Venomous Snakebites.
Review in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07261982 (Efficacy of Pressure Pad vs Pressure Bandage Immobilisation for Snake Bite First Aid in Healthy Volunteers.), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Pressure Pad vs Pressure Bandage Immobilisation for Snake Bite First Aid in Healthy Volunteers.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-Aid Practices and Knowledge Regarding Snake and Scorpion Bites Among Patients Attending Onandjokwe State Hospital, Namibia: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Emergency medicine international · 2026Article
- Analyzing first aid in textbooks used by non-medical and paramedical students in Nepal: A need of further attention for snakebite management!PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Treatment and treatment outcomes of snakebite envenoming in Uganda: a retrospective analysis.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2025Article
- The biology and toxinology of blunt-nosed vipers.npj biodiversity · 2025Review
- Vipera Snakebite in Children: A Focus on Europe.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Management Strategies for Common Animal Bites in Pediatrics: A Narrative Review on the Latest Progress.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Review
- Impact of tourniquet use on severity of snakebite envenoming in Chongqing, China: a single-center retrospective study.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- The Chinese guideline for management of snakebites.World journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Considerations for the development of a field-based medical device for the administration of adjunctive therapies for snakebite envenoming.Toxicon: X · 2023Article
- Snakebite epidemiology, outcomes and multi-cluster risk modelling in Eswatini.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Snakebite Advice and Counseling From Artificial Intelligence: An Acute Venomous Snakebite Consultation With ChatGPT.Cureus · 2023Article
- Snakebite envenoming in Brazilian children: clinical aspects, management and outcomes.Journal of tropical pediatrics · 2023Review
- Managing snakebite.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Review
- Case Report: Safe Tourniquet Removal in Black Mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) Bites.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2021Article
- Clinical management of snakebite envenoming: Future perspectives.Toxicon: X · 2021Article
- Anti-5'-Nucleotidases (5'-ND) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Activities of Medicinal Plants to CombatBioMed research international · 2021Article
- Prehospital Practices and Clinical Profile of the Patients with Snake Envenomation Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Case Series.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
- Snakebite in children in Nigeria: A comparison of the first aid treatment measures with the world health organization's guidelines for management of snakebite in Africa.Annals of African medicineArticle
- Intravenous snake bite: A catastrophic snake envenomation.Annals of African medicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntivenom is the definitive treatment for venomous snakebites, but is expensive and not available in many rural and poorly developed regions. Timely transportation to facilities that stock and administer antivenom may not be available in rural areas with poorly developed emergency medical services. These factors have led to consideration of measures to delay onset of toxicity or alternatives to antivenom therapy.
methodsPubMed searches were conducted for articles on snakebite treatment, or that contained first aid, emergency medical services, tourniquets, pressure immobilization bandages, suction devices, and lymphatic flow inhibitors.
resultsThe reviewed articles describe how venoms spread after a venomous snakebite on an extremity, list the proposed first aid measures for delaying the spread of venoms, and evaluate the scientific studies that support or refute methods of snakebite first aid. The recommendations for field treatment of venomous snakebites will be discussed.
conclusionsThe evidence suggests that pressure immobilization bandages and related strategies are the best interventions to delay onset of systemic toxicity from venomous snakebites but may increase local toxicity for venoms that destroy tissue at the site of the bite, so their use should be individualized to the circumstances and nature of the venom.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.