ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2018
Developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior from ages 4 to 12: Prenatal cocaine exposure and adolescent correlates.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneity in Callous-Unemotional Traits: Early Temperamental and Environmental Risk Factors in a High-Risk Sample.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Comparing the effectiveness of master's-level clinicians and peer supports for the delivery of attachment and biobehavioral catchup.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Internal assets in low-income urban adolescents from 12 to 17 years: Gender variation.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2025Article
- Prenatal Substance Exposure: Associations with Neurodevelopment in Middle Childhood.American journal of perinatology · 2024Article
- Prenatal cocaine exposure and self-reported behavioral adjustments from ages 12 to 21: environmental pathways.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Latent Class Analysis of Prenatal Substance Exposure and Child Behavioral Outcomes.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Assessment of Psychosocial and Neonatal Risk Factors for Trajectories of Behavioral Dysregulation Among Young Children From 18 to 72 Months of Age.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Early emotional caregiving environment and associations with memory performance and hippocampal volume in adolescents with prenatal drug exposure.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Prenatal cocaine exposure and substance use disorder in emerging adulthood at age 21.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Substance use and individual assets in urban adolescents: Subgroups and correlates in emerging adulthood.Journal of adolescence · 2022Article
- Preschool blood lead levels, language competency, and substance use in adolescence.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Pathways From Early Family Violence to Adolescent Reactive Aggression and Violence Victimization.Journal of family violence · 2021Article
- Statistical analysis of childhood and early adolescent externalizing behaviors in a middle low income country.Heliyon · 2020Article
- Prenatal drug exposure and neurodevelopmental programming of glucocorticoid signalling.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2020Review
- Proceedings of the 2018 annual meeting of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders study group.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2019Article
- Profiles of individual assets and mental health symptoms in at-risk early adolescents.Journal of adolescence · 2019Article
- Prenatal drug exposure and executive function in early adolescence.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
- Prenatal cocaine exposure, early cannabis use, and risky sexual behavior at age 25.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
- Cognitive and functional outcomes at age 21 after prenatal cocaine/polydrug exposure and foster/adoptive care.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) has been linked with greater externalizing behavior, no studies have investigated heterogeneity of developmental trajectories in children with PCE to date. The present study aimed to: (1) identify developmental trajectories of externalizing problems in childhood by using a person-oriented analytic approach; (2) examine whether trajectories differ by PCE and other environmental and biological correlates; and (3) investigate how trajectories were associated with adolescent substance use and sexual behavior.
methodsAdolescents (N = 386; 197 PCE, 187 non-cocaine exposed (NCE)), primarily African-American and of low socioeconomic status, were prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal study at birth. Externalizing problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at ages 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 12. Substance (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana) use, via self-report and biologic assays, and early (before age 15) sexual intercourse were assessed at age 15.
resultsLatent class growth modeling indicated four distinctive developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior from ages 4 to 12: low-decreasing group (32%); moderate-decreasing group (32%); accelerated risk group (14%); and elevated-chronic group (22%). PCE and maternal psychological distress interactively differentiated developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior, which were related to subsequent adolescent substance use and early sexual behavior differently across gender.
conclusionsThe two high-risk trajectories (accelerated risk and elevated-chronic groups), comprising 36% of the sample, identified in the present study may reflect multi-causality of early substance use and perhaps greater risk for transition to substance use disorders later in development.
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