ArticlePloS one2018
Cost of chronic kidney disease attributable to diabetes from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Health System.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases according to Color/Race in Brazil: An Analysis of the 2019 National Health Survey.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- PromarkerD Versus Standard of Care Biochemical Measures for Assessing Future Renal Function Decline in Type 2 Diabetes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Factors among the Diabetic and Prediabetic Population in the Bandare-Kong Cohort Study; A Population-Based Study.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2024Article
- Sex differences in CKD risk factors across ethnic groups.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Article
- Time to initiation of dialysis and length of stay in hospitalized patients with kidney damage: a cross-sectional study.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2024Article
- Overview of global healthcare policies for patients with chronic kidney disease: an integrative literature review.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Review
- Prevalence of chronic kidney diseases and its determinants among Iranian adults: results of the first phase of Shahedieh cohort study.BMC nephrology · 2022Article
- New Pandemic: Obesity and Associated Nephropathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Developing and applying a costing tool for hypertension and related cardiovascular disease: Attributable costs to salt/sodium consumption.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Article
- [Costs attributable to obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in the Unified Health System, Brazil, 2018Costos atribuibles a la obesidad, la hipertensión y la diabetes en el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil, 2018].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2020Article
- Modelling the effect of compliance with WHO salt recommendations on cardiovascular disease mortality and costs in Brazil.PloS one · 2020Article
- Incidence of chronic kidney disease hospitalisations and mortality in Espírito Santo between 1996 to 2017.PloS one · 2019Article
- Multidisciplinary treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease in pre-dialysis minimizes costs: a four-year retrospective cohort analysis.Jornal brasileiro de nefrologiaArticle
- Three years evaluation of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis absorption costing: perspective of the service provider compared to funds transfers from the public and private healthcare systems.Jornal brasileiro de nefrologiaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDiabetes is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease, with a high economic impact on health systems.
objectiveTo estimate the cost of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) attributable to diabetes, stratified by sex, race/skin color, and age, from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system between 2010 and 2016.
methodsPopulation attributable risk (PAR) was calculated from the Brazilian prevalence of diabetes and the relative risk (or odds ratio) of persons with diabetes developing CKD and ESKD as compared to non-diabetic subjects. The variables of interest were sex, race/skin color, and age. A top-down approach was used to measure the direct costs of the disease reimbursed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, using data from outpatient and inpatient records.
resultsThe cost of CKD and ESKD attributable to diabetes in the period 2010-2016 was US$1.2 billion (US$180 million per year) and trending upward. Female sex, age 65-75, and black race/skin color contributed substantially to the costs of CKD and ESKD (US$475 million, US$63 million, and US$25 million respectively). The clinical procedures accounting for the greatest share of disease-attributable costs are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
conclusionDiabetes accounted for 22% of the costs of CKD and ESKD. Female sex, age 65-75 years, and black race/skin color were the variables which contributed most to disease-related expenditure. The economic burden of CKD may increase gradually in the coming years, with serious implications for the financial sustainability of the Brazilian public health system.
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