ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2019
Cumulative Human Immunodeficiency Viremia, Antiretroviral Therapy, and Incident Myocardial Infarction.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review on cumulative HIV viraemia among people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral treatment and its association with mortality and morbidity.International health · 2024Pooled it
- Performance of the pooled cohort equations and D:A:D risk scores among individuals with HIV in a global cardiovascular disease prevention trial: a cohort study leveraging data from REPRIEVE.The lancet. HIV · 2025Trial
- Impact of an HIV Care Coordination Program on All-cause, HIV-related, and Non-HIV-related Mortality in Younger and Older Adults With HIV in New York City, 2018-2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Viremia Does Not Independently Predict Cardiovascular Disease in People With HIV: A RESPOND Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Gaps in the usage and reporting of multiple imputation for incomplete data: findings from a scoping review of observational studies addressing causal questions.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Cumulative Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Viremia Is Associated With Increased Risk of Multimorbidity Among US Women With HIV, 1997-2019.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Determinants of loss to care and risk of clinical progression in PLWH who are re-engaged in care after a temporary loss.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Effects of HIV Infection on Arterial Endothelial Function: Results From a Large Pooled Cohort Analysis.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2021Article
- HIV infection and coronary heart disease: mechanisms and management.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2019Review
- Comparison of cumulative viraemia following treatment initiation with different antiretroviral regimens: a real-life study in Brazil.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeople living with HIV are at risk of increased myocardial infarction (MI). Cumulative HIV viral load (VL) has been proposed as a better measure of HIV inflammation than other measures of VL, like baseline VL, but its associations with MI are not known.
methodsThe multisite Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort includes clinical data and centrally adjudicated MI with distinction between atheroembolic MI (type 1) and MI related to supply-demand mismatch (type 2). We examined CNICS participants who were not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at enrollment. Cumulative VL (copy-days of virus) from 6 months after enrollment was estimated with a time-weighted sum using the trapezoidal rule. We modeled associations of cumulative and baseline VL with MI by type using marginal structural Cox models. We contrasted the 75% percentile of the VL distribution with the 25% percentile.
resultsAmong 11,324 participants, 218 MIs occurred between 1996 and 2016. Higher cumulative VL was associated with risk of all MI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26, 2.36), type 1 MI (HR = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.78, 1.96), and type 2 MI (HR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.74, 3.66). While off ART, cumulative VL had a stronger association with type 1 MI (HR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.15, 3.94) than type 2 MI (HR = 1.25; 95% CI = 0.70, 2.25). Baseline VL was associated with all MI (HR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.28, 2.01), type 1 MI (HR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.26, 2.38), and type 2 MI (HR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.08).
conclusionsHigher cumulative and baseline VL is associated with all MI, with a particularly strong association between cumulative VL and type 2 MI.
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