ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2019
Prenatal war exposure and schizophrenia in adulthood: evidence from the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychological and psychosocial interventions for trauma-related psychological distress in adults living in ongoing conflict.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Synergistic pathways to psychosis: understanding developmental risk and resilience factors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Post-traumatic growth in later-life cognitive function? Evidence from the 1976 Great Tangshan Earthquake.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Earthquake exposure during adolescence and later-life depressive symptoms: A national cross-sectional survey.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Developmental Gerontology and Active Population Aging in China.China CDC weekly · 2023Article
- Risk of First-Episode Schizophrenia in Aged Adults Increased During COVID-19 Outbreak.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2021Article
- Prenatal maternal hair cortisol concentrations are related to maternal prenatal emotion dysregulation but not neurodevelopmental or birth outcomes.Developmental psychobiology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to examine the long-term effect of prenatal exposure to the Sino-Japanese War during 1937-1945 on risk of schizophrenia in adulthood among Chinese wartime survivors.
methodsWe obtained data from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability conducted in 31 provinces in 2006. We restricted our analysis to 369,469 adults born between 1931 and 1950. Schizophrenia was ascertained by psychiatrists based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases 10th Revision. War intensity was assessed by the ratio of war-caused civilian casualties to the pre-war population. The effect of prenatal exposure to war on schizophrenia was estimated by difference-in-difference models, established by examining the variation of war across birth cohorts.
resultsIn the male population, war cohorts of 1937-1946 had no significant higher odds of schizophrenia compared with the pre-war cohorts of 1931-1936. In the female population, war cohorts were 1.16 (95% CI 1.01, 1.33) times more likely than pre-war cohorts to have schizophrenia. Sensitive analyses show that our estimates of war effect on schizophrenia were robust and valid.
conclusionsPrenatal exposure to the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945 had long-run detrimental effect on risk of schizophrenia in the female adults. Further investigations are warranted to extend the enduring wartime impact on other health outcomes in China.
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