ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2019
Expert recommendations for diagnosing cervical, oromandibular, and limb dystonia.
Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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31 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of cognitive performance in idiopathic adult-onset dystonia.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Phenotypic comparison between combined dystonia-parkinsonism and idiopathic adult-onset dystonia.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Regional abnormalities in the hippocampus and verbal memory impairment in craniofacial dystonia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Multidimensional structural analyses revealed a correlation between thalamic atrophy and white matter degeneration in idiopathic dystonia.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Diagnostic Dilemma: Unraveling Meige Disorder Mistaken for Functional Neurological Disorder.Cureus · 2024Article
- Isolated Cervical Dystonia: Diagnosis and Classification.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2023Review
- Validation of a guideline to reduce variability in diagnosing cervical dystonia.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Dystonias: Clinical Recognition and the Role of Additional Diagnostic Testing.Seminars in neurology · 2023Article
- Clinical Implications of Dystonia as a Neural Network Disorder.Advances in neurobiology · 2023Review
- Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations in adult dystonia: a joint document by the Italian Society of Neurology, the Italian Academy for the Study of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, and the Italian Network on Botulinum Toxin.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Oromandibular Dystonia and Other Movement Disorders in the Stomatognathic System.Toxins · 2022Review
- Bayesian Interpretation of Essential Tremor Plus.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Review
- Current Guidelines for Classifying and Diagnosing Cervical Dystonia: Empirical Evidence and Recommendations.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2022Article
- Exploring the presence of multiple abnormal non-motor features in patients with cervical dystonia.Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia · 2021Article
- Dual task gait deteriorates gait performance in cervical dystonia patients: a pilot study.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2021Article
- Article
- Neuroimaging in idiopathic adult-onset focal dystonia.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Article
- Subjective assessment of effectiveness, quality of life, and psychological status of patients receiving botulinum toxin therapy for hemifacial spasm, blepharospasm, or cervical dystonia.Fujita medical journal · 2021Article
- Oromandibular Dystonia: A Clinical Examination of 2,020 Cases.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Attention-Demanding Cognitive Tasks Worsen Postural Control in Patients With Cervical Dystonia: A Case-Control Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 13 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiagnosis of focal dystonia is based on clinical grounds and is therefore open to bias. To date, diagnostic guidelines have been only proposed for blepharospasm and laryngeal dystonia. To provide practical guidance for clinicians with less expertise in dystonia, a group of Italian Movement Disorder experts formulated clinical diagnostic recommendations for cervical, oromandibular, and limb dystonia.
methodsA panel of four neurologists generated a list of clinical items related to the motor phenomenology of the examined focal dystonias and a list of clinical features characterizing neurological/non-neurological conditions mimicking dystonia. Thereafter, ten additional expert neurologists assessed the diagnostic relevance of the selected features and the content validity ratio was calculated. The clinical features reaching a content validity ratio > 0.5 contributed to the final recommendations.
resultsThe recommendations retained patterned and repetitive movements/postures as the core feature of dystonia in different body parts. If present, a sensory trick confirmed diagnosis of dystonia. In the patients who did not manifest sensory trick, active exclusion of clinical features related to conditions mimicking dystonia (features that would be expected to be absent in dystonia) would be necessary for dystonia to be diagnosed. DISCUSSION: Although reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the recommendations are yet to be demonstrated, information from the present study would hopefully facilitate diagnostic approach to focal dystonias in the clinical practice and would be the basis for future validated diagnostic guidelines.
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