ArticleBMC ophthalmology2018
Dry eye symptoms and impact on vision-related function across International Task Force guidelines severity levels in the United States.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Randomized Double-Masked Phase 2a Trial to Evaluate Activity and Safety of Topical Ocular Reproxalap, a Novel RASP Inhibitor, in Dry Eye Disease.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2021Trial
- Unseen Consequences: The Expanding Burden of Iatrogenic Dry Eye Disease in Surgical and Cosmetic Practice.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- A clinical decision support system for diagnosing and determining severity of dry eye disease.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Symptomatic dry eye disease among university students.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2023Article
- Combination therapy with 3% diquafosol tetrasodium ophthalmic solution and sodium hyaluronate: an effective therapy for patients with dry eye after femtosecond laser-assistedFrontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Changes of Subjective Symptoms and Tear Film Biomarkers following Femto-LASIK.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Changes in ocular surface after withdrawal of anti-glaucoma medications following non-penetrating deep sclerectomy.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Influence of angle alpha on visual quality after implantation of extended depth of focus intraocular lenses.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Age-related changes in ocular mucosal tolerance: Lessons learned from gut and respiratory tract immunity.Immunology · 2021Review
- Article
- The ocular surface immune system through the eyes of aging.The ocular surface · 2021Review
- A Post-Acute Ocular Tolerability Comparison of Topical Reproxalap 0.25% and Lifitegrast 5% in Patients with Dry Eye Disease.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Algorithmic approach to diagnosis and management of post-refractive surgery dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2020Review
- Loteprednol Etabonate for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2020Review
- Strengthening the integration of eye care into the health system: methodology for the development of the WHO package of eye care interventions.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInternational Task Force (ITF) guidelines established a grading scheme to support treatment of dry eye disease based on clinical signs and symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of dry eye on vision-related function across ITF severity levels using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire.
methodsNon-interventional, cross-sectional study of prescription treatment-naïve dry eye patients seeking symptom relief at 10 ophthalmology and optometry practices. Clinicians assessed corneal and conjunctival staining, tear break-up time, Schirmer's test (type I with anesthesia), and best-corrected visual acuity. Patients completed the OSDI questionnaire and OSDI overall and domain (Symptoms, Visual Function, and Environmental Triggers) scores were compared across ITF guidelines severity levels (1-4).
resultsOf 158 patients (mean age, 55 years) enrolled, 52 (33%) were ITF level 1, 54 (34%) ITF level 2, and 52 (33%) ITF levels 3/4 combined. No significant differences were observed in most baseline characteristics. Overall OSDI scores (mean [standard deviation]) were 26.5 [20.0] for ITF level 1, 33.8 [17.5] for ITF level 2, and 44.9 [26.1] for ITF level 3/4 cohorts (P < 0.0001). Component OSDI Symptoms, Visual Function, and Environmental Triggers domain scores all worsened with increasing ITF severity level (P ≤ 0.01).
conclusionsDry eye disease has significant deleterious impact on vision-related function across all ITF severity levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.