ReviewInfectious diseases and therapy2018
Systematic Review of Invasive Meningococcal Disease: Sequelae and Quality of Life Impact on Patients and Their Caregivers.
Review in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 176 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meningococcal meningitis in India: An expert consensus on use of MCVs.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with inequalities in invasive meningococcal disease prevention in high-income countries and Latin America.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Inequalities in the risk and prevention of invasive meningococcal disease in the United States - A systematic literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Range of invasive meningococcal disease sequelae and health economic application - a systematic and clinical review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- 4CMenB Breadth of Immune Response, Immunogenicity, and Safety: Results From a Phase 3 Randomized, Controlled, Observer Blind Study in Adolescents and Young Adults.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine administered concomitantly with other paediatric vaccines in toddlers: a phase III randomised study.Epidemiology and infection · 2021Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Meningococcal-Naïve Children 2-9 Years of Age: A Phase III, Randomized Study.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2020Trial
- Burden of Invasive Meningococcal Disease: Evolving Epidemiology and Implications for Prevention Policy.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity and Safety of Single-Dose MenACYW Conjugate Vaccine in Vietnamese Participants Aged ≥ 12 Months: A Phase III, Open-Label Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Health Outcomes, Healthcare Resource Use, and Economic Burden of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in the United States Among Children Aged <11 Years.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes and economic burden of bacterial meningitis in Africa: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Routine Infant Meningococcal B Vaccination in the Netherlands.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Prevalence of Meningococcal Colonisation of Children Attending Kindergarten in Northern Hungary.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Delayed diagnosis is associated with complications following invasive meningococcal disease in Australian adolescents and young adults.Infection · 2026Article
- Review
- Health Utilities Associated with Pneumococcal Diseases in Children and Adults: A Targeted Literature Review and Meta-analysis.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Review
- Cost-utility of pneumococcal strategies for adults aged 50 and older in Colombia: a model-based economic evaluation.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Meningococcal quadrivalent ACYW-TT conjugated vaccine at 6-23 months: phase III study (US/Puerto Rico).Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Meningococcal Disease in Older Adults: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Botulism Sequelae: A Systematic Review.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionInvasive meningococcal disease (IMD, septicaemia and/or meningitis) has a severe acute and long-term burden: 5-10% of patients die within 48 h, and long-term sequelae have been reported in 10-20% of survivors. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is increasingly but inconsistently assessed.
methodsA systematic literature review on Neisseria meningitidis IMD sequelae and HRQoL in survivors of all ages and their caregivers, including family, was conducted for high-income countries from 2001 to 2016 (in Medline and Embase, following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines).
resultsA total of 31 studies, mostly of childhood IMD cases, were included. A broad range of physical, neurological and psychological IMD sequelae were identified. The literature has evolved, with more types of sequelae reported in more recent studies; however, meningococcal disease-specific and sequelae-specific HRQoL data are lacking, and existing studies used a wide variety of instruments. Physical sequelae included: amputations (up to 8% of children, 3% adolescents/adults) and skin scars (up to 55% of children, 18% adolescents, 2% adults). Neurologic sequelae included: hearing loss (up to 19% of infants, 13% children, 12% adolescents, 8% adults). Psychological sequelae included: anxiety, learning difficulties, emotional and behavioural difficulties. IMD negatively affects HRQoL in patients and also in their family and close caregiver network, both in the short- and long-term. Even IMD survivors without sequelae experienced an adverse impact on HRQoL after many years, affecting self-esteem, physical, mental and psychosocial health, and HRQoL was worse in those with cognitive and behavioural sequelae.
conclusionA high proportion of IMD survivors are affected by a broad range of sequelae and reduced HRQoL that persists years after infection. Childhood IMD survivors had more sequelae and more severe sequelae compared with adult survivors. HRQoL was affected in patients and also in their families, caregivers and surrounding network over the long term. More research is needed to resolve data gaps and to standardise HRQoL assessment.
fundingGlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA (Rixensart, Belgium).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.